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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printing of tough and self-healing hydrogels

Figure 5. (A) LED lighting tests under self-healing and stretching via the printed circuit with conductive hydrogel inks. (B) Real-time resistance
measurement through the cutting and self-healing process of the hydrogel. (C) Schematic illustration of the hydrogel for resistive strain sensing. (D)
Relative resistance changes of the hydrogel as a function of applied strain. (E) Strain sensing through resistance change.

PVA/TA/PAA hydrogel ink and confirmed the practicality Conflict of interest
by demonstrating biocompatibility, tissue adhesiveness,
and electrical conductivity with LED lighting and strain The authors declare no conflict of interest.
sensing tests. This study provides valuable insights for Author contributions
improving the functionality of hydrogel-based inks for
practical applications in soft electronics, wearable devices, Conceptualization: Soo A Kim, Yeontaek Lee, Jae Park,
and smart healthcare systems. Jungmok Seo
Formal analysis: Soo A Kim, Yeontaek Lee
Acknowledgments Methodology: Soo A Kim, Yeontaek Lee, Kijun Park, Jae
Park, Soohwan An
None.
Funding acquisition: Jungmok Seo
Funding Investigation: Soo A Kim, Soohwan An, Jinseok Oh,
Minkyong Kang, Yurim Lee, Yejin Jo
This work was supported by the National Research Project administration: Jungmok Seo, Seung-Woo Cho
Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science Supervision: Jungmok Seo
and ICT (Project numbers: 2022M3E5E9082213; NRF Writing – original draft: Soo A Kim
2022R1A2C4001652) and the Yonsei University (RMS2 Writing – review & editing: Soo A Kim, Kijun Park,
2022-22-0170). Jungmok Seo

Volume 9 Issue 5 (2023) 351 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.765