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International Journal of Bioprinting Exosome-based bioink for bioprinting

Reference [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [41] [77] [42] [43] [80]

Need to enhance the mechanical Need to evaluate further safety and Need to evaluate the influence of different types of injuries or the severity of fractures on the repair The detection of exosomes in hydrogels was not ideal. Need a negative control group to prove the effects of the hydrogel. Need to test the sensitivity of the hydrogel to UV light and to evaluate the penetration of the UV light The loss of stem cells restricted the D

Table 1. Summaries of recent studies in the four fields of bone, skin, nerve, and vascular using exosomal hydrogels to treat diseases

Results-cons properties. efficacy. results. through skin. treatment effect mouse model of the hydrogel.

Enhanced bioactivity and promoted the active role of exosomes in osteogenic Induced differentiation of BMSCs into chondrocytes to repair the chondral defects in the patellar groove of rats. Had local antibacterial activity; promoted the proliferation of hMSCs and HUVECs; stimulates ECM mineralization; promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis; ultimately promoted fracture healing. Repaired alveolar bone defects in rats. Promoted bone healing, bo

Results-pros differentiation of BMSCs. model. skin appendages. microenvironment associated axons hydrogel.

Diseases treated Fracture Cartilage defects Fracture Alveolar bone defect Fracture Full thickness skin wounds Spinal cord regeneration Spinal cord injury Post-operative erectile dysfunction induced by cavernous nerve injury (CNI-ED) Peripheral nerve injury (PNI)

Components of hydrogel SIS hydrogels doped with 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propionic acid Alginate-dopamine, chondroitin sulfate, and regenerating filament protein HA@SDF-1α/M2D-Exos hydrogel Alginate-gelatin cross-linked hydrogel Coral hydroxyapatite/ filamentous protein/glycolic chitosan/bi-functionalized polyethylene glycol hydrogel Poloxam 407, carboxymethyl chitosan, natural non-toxic cross-linker Genipin Peptide-modified adhesive

Source of exosomes BMSC-exosomes BMSC-exosomes M2D-Exos PDLSCs-Exos hMSC-exosomes hMSC- exosomes hMSC-exosomes BMSC-exosomes ADSC-Exo MSC-Exos

Field Bone Skin Nerve

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 123 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.0114