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International Journal of Bioprinting Transdermal delivery of printed cisplatin

Figure 6. In vivo treatment of HR-proficient cells. (A) Plot indicating tumor volume during treatment. (B) Tumor weight at the end of the treatment. For
(A) and (B), average of all tumors within indicated cohorts is shown. (C) Photograph of dissected tumors on the last day of treatment.

3.4. Cisplatin uptake are combined with chemotherapeutic drugs. Besides
To measure cisplatin uptake at the single cell level, we the opportunity for personalized treatment as a result of
employed mass cytometry-CyTOF (cytometry by time-of- molecular indications and the generally less severe side
flight) technology. In this technique, single cells are vaporized, effects, many targeted therapies offer the advantage of oral
atomized, and ionized allowing the atomic composition of administration daily or even twice daily without the need
each cell to be measured by a time-of-flight mass spectrometry for hospital visit. Chemotherapies, on the other hand, are
[44]
system (ICP TOF MS) . The presence of Pt, rather than mostly administered intravenously, requiring long stays at
intact cisplatin, in the cells is detected using this mass the hospital, often for a whole day. Moreover, patients receive
cytometry-CyTOF technology. As expected, intraperitoneal a very high dose of the chemotherapeutic drug, leading to
administration achieves higher Pt, derived from cisplatin a high systemic concentration, which declines quickly until
amount in the tumors, both in terms of percentage of cells the new treatment. Thus, alternative methods for anti-cancer
with detectable levels (99.2% vs. 64.7%), and mean intensity of drug administration need to be developed. An interesting
positive cells (10 vs. 500) (Figure 7). The results are consistent solution is oral metronomic dosing, which facilitates frequent
[45]
with the findings from the pharmacokinetic study, in which drug administration by the patient . We recently proposed
[29]
cisplatin was monitored in plasma. transdermal MNs for metronomic dosing with gemcitabine .
Our results indicate that olaparib treatment in HR- API-coated MNs can be used for delivery of both
deficient tumors can be combined with the application hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs [18,19] . Their ideal
of transdermal MNs for the administration of cisplatin use is for low-dose administration of potent drugs,
at lower doses, avoiding the need for hospital trips, which are efficacious at low circulating amounts. There
while ameliorating or even eliminating toxic side effects have been many methods employed in the past, such
associated with the high intravenous dosing of cisplatin. as dip coating , gas jet drying , and spray coating
[46]
[47]
[48]
with noted limitations [49,50] , such as the difficult coating
4. Discussion procedure because of the limited amount of drug coating,
uniform coating, material waste, and precise drug dosing.
Since the 2000s, an explosion in the development of new In the last decade, 3D printing technologies such as inkjet
targeted therapies has revolutionized the field of cancer printing, thermal, piezoelectric, and electrostatic printing,
treatment. Targeted therapies are rarely administered extrusion bioprinting, and LIFT have been used. As
alone. Instead, in the majority of schemes, these therapies mentioned above, inkjet printing has been used before ;
[25]

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 34 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.0048