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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D bioprinting for translational toxicology

Table 3. Application of three-dimensional printing technology in extracorporeal toxicity testing for different organs
Target organ Printing method Printing object Materials Cell types Applications
Continuous 3D primary liver tissues NovoGel1 2.0 PHH; HSCs; Antibiotic drug toxicity testing 194
deposition HUVECs
microextrusion
Direct-write Liver-on-a-chip platform GelMA HepG2; C3A Drug toxicity assessment of APAP 153
Extrusion bioprinting Hepatic model SA; Gelatin hiPSC-Heps Drug-induced hepatotoxicity evaluation
of APAP 195
Extrusion bioprinting Liver lobule ECM-derived HLCs; HUVECs; Hepatotoxicity/non-hepatotoxicity drug
microarchitecture microparticles; BA silk HHSCs toxicity testing 196
fibroin; gelatin; β-D
Liver galactose
DLP Liver lobule microtissue HAMA; multi-walled HepG2 The detection of AFB1 130
biosensor carbon nanotubes
Microextrusion Xeno-free 3D-bioprinted Matrigel; SA; human HuH-7 Toxicity testing of OA 197
liver model collagen

Electro-assisted Disse space organoids SA; NC Laminin 511 hPSC-HE; hiPSC- Toxic mechanisms of MPs and TBBPA
bioprinting EPCs; LX-2 in liver tissues 189
Magnetic levitation Mini liver models Magnetic nanoparticles Fao Assessment of the toxicity of
and bioprinting nanodiamond 198
Coaxial nozzle Vas-POAC Pluronic F127; SA; KdECM RPTEC; Ges Evaluation of the cisplatin-induced
extrusion bioprinting nephrotoxicity capacity 199
Kidney Extrusion bioprinting 3D convoluted renal Fibrinogen; gelatin; Pluronic PTECs Cyclosporine A toxicity testing 19
proximal tubules F127; two-part silicone
elastomer
Inkjet bioprinting 3D alveolar barrier Collagen HULEC-5a; MRC5; Evaluate the physiological impact of ne
NCI-H1703; dust particles 190
NCI-H441
Inkjet bioprinting Lung cancer-on-chip Nusil medical grade silicone NCI-H1437 Physiological monitoring and toxicity
Lung elastomer assessment of DOX/ docetaxel 200
SLA In vitro exposure system Resin HBECs Assessing the effects of cannabis
inhalation on the lungs 201
Extrusion bioprinting Organoid-based scaffolds SA; Matrigel; porcine gelatin Calu-3 Long-term nanoparticle toxicology
investigation 202
Coaxial nozzle Endothelialized SA; GelMA HUVECs; hiPSC- Cardiovascular toxicity evaluation 203
extrusion bioprinting myocardium and heart- CMs
on-a-chip
Cardiovascular Microextrusion Tissue-sensor platform CB; PCL; soft rubber; hiPSC-CMs; hCFs Monitoring of drug-induced
bioprinting PDMS; HdECM cardiotoxicity 191
μCOP Cardiac micro-tissue GelMA; HAGM hiPSC-CMs; hCFs Test the impact of CuO NPs on 3D
cardiac micro-tissues 204
SLA Intestinal microvillus cell FCONp; MWCNT-CDH; RBL-2H3 The detection of wheat allergen
sensor GelMA gliadin 205
Intestinal
Microextrusion Intestinal barrier models Collagen Caco-2; HT-29; HDFn Studying the permeability and toxicity
bioprinting of ibuprofen 206
Extrusion- 3D thickness skin tissue Novogel 2.0; Fibrinogen NKTC; NDF; NHEK Screen topical-use compounds for
Skin
bioprinting model constructs irritation potential 193
Abbreviations: 3D, three-dimensional; AFB1, Aflatoxin B1; APAP, acetaminophen; CB, carbon black; CuO, copper oxide; DLP, digital light processing; Fao, rat hepatoma
cells; FCONp, flower-like copper oxide nanoparticles; GelMA, gelatin methacrylate; GEs, primary human glomerular endothelial cells; HAGM, hyaluronic acid glycidyl
methacrylate; HAMA, methylacylated hyaluronic acid; HBECs, primary human bronchial epithelial cells; HCFs, human cardiac fibroblasts; HDFn, human dermal fibroblasts;
HdECM, heart decellularized extracellular matrix; HHSCs, human hepatic stellate cells; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cells; hiPSC-EPCs, endothelial progenitor
cells; hiPSC-Heps, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes; hiPSC-CMs, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes; HLCs, hepatocyte-
like cells; HSCs, hepatic stellates; HULEC-5a, lung microvascular endothelial cells; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; KdECM, kidney decellularized
extracellular matrix; MPs, microplastics; MWCNT-CDH, multiwalled carbon nanotubes; NDF, neonatal human dermal fibroblast; NHEK, normal human epidermal
keratinocytes; NKTC, human primary neonatal keratinocytes; OA, Okadaic acid; PCL, polycaprolactone; PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane; PHH, primary human hepatocytes;
Pluronic® F127, polyethylene-polypropylene-polyethylene; PTECs, proximal tubule epithelial cells; RBL-2H3, rat basophilic leukemia cells; RPTEC, primary human renal
proximal tubule epithelial cells; SA, sodium alginate; SLA, stereolithography apparatus; TBBPA, Tetrabromobisphenol A; Vas-POAC, vascularized proximal tubule-on-a-chip;
μCOP, micro-continuous optical printing.

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 115 doi: 10.36922/IJB025210209