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International Journal of Bioprinting Design of SLM-Ta artificial vertebral body

Figure 2. Schematic representation of thin-walled structure topology optimization, lattice structure filling, and artificial vertebral body model design.
Abbreviations: a: Long diameter; AVB: Artificial vertebral body; b: Short diameter; h: Height; LS: Lattice structure; R: Radius of curvature; t: Thickness;
TTS: Topological thin-walled structure.

enhance load-bearing capacity. Thin walls were designed E E f E E (I)

with pores to provide channels for cell migration, blood i min i 0 min
vessel growth, and bone tissue formation. To maximize
the load-bearing performance of thin walls with pores, a where E is the elastic modulus of the i-th element, E is
i
min
topology optimization design of the thin-walled structure the minimum elastic modulus, f(ρ ) is the penalty function,
i
was carried out in this study. and E is the elastic modulus of the initial design domain.
0
A solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP)
Common methods used for topology optimization of model was used to optimize the load transfer path and
continuum structures include homogenization, variable material distribution in the thin-walled structures. The
density, evolutionary structural optimization, level set, and penalty function for the SIMP interpolation model is
independent continuous mapping (ICM) methods. The expressed as:
variable density method considers continuum structures
to consist of elements with variable densities. The element f P (II)
densities vary in the range [0, 1], which transforms the i i
material distribution into a [0, 1] integer programming. An
element density of zero indicates that the material at that where ρ is the density of the i-th element and P is the
i
location can be discarded, while a density of one indicates penalty factor.
that the material should be retained. Intermediate densities The optimization aims to minimize structural
are brought closer to zero or one by introducing a penalty compliance under specific boundary conditions and
factor. The relationship between the element density and volume constraints. The mathematical model for topology
elastic modulus is defined as follows: optimization is as follows :
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Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 168 doi: 10.36922/IJB025150133