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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D scaffold prevents tendon ossification

biodegradability, achieving an elastic modulus of 85 MPa References
and a porosity of 91%. In vitro studies demonstrated that
SF–HPC scaffolds significantly enhanced TSPCs viability, 1. Traweger A, Scott A, Kjaer M, et al. Achilles tendinopathy.
migration, proliferation, and tenogenic differentiation. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2025;11(1):20.
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biocompatibility, as they elicited no detectable systemic 2. Fischer S. Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon: diagnostics,
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3. Geuskens W, Caekebeke P, VAN Riet R. Prevalence and
Acknowledgments clinical implications of heterotopic ossification after distal
biceps tendon repair. Acta Orthop Belg. 2023;89(4):695-700.
None.
doi: 10.52628/89.4.12447
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This work was supported by the National Major Research fractures: clinical outcome and associated factors. Jt Dis
Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of Relat Surg. 2025;36(1):47-55.
China (NSFC) (92368201), the National Key Research doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2025.1992
and Development Project (2021YFA1201404), the Major 5. Dai G, Li Y, Liu J, et al. Higher BMP Expression in
Project of NSFC (81991514), and the Jiangsu Province tendon stem/progenitor cells contributes to the increased
Medical Innovation Center of Orthopedic Surgery heterotopic ossification in achilles tendon with aging. Front
(CXZX202214). Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:570605.
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Conflict of interest 6. Yu T, Zhang J, Zhu W, et al. Chondrogenesis mediates

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. progression of ankylosing spondylitis through heterotopic
ossification. Bone Res. 2021;9(1):19.
Author contributions doi: 10.1038/s41413-021-00140-6
Conceptualization: Kai Yan, Xianzong Ning 7. Wang Z, Yi X, Liu Y, Liu Q, Li Z, Yu A. Differential expression
profiles and functional prediction of circRNA in mice
Formal analysis: Minghao Zhang, Yutao Yang with traumatic heterotopic ossification. Front Immunol.
Funding acquisition: Xianzong Ning, Kai Yan 2022;13:1090529.
Investigation: Xianzong Ning, Kai Yan, Rui Du doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1090529
Methodology: Kai Yan, Rui Du
Visualization: Kai Yan, Xiaoming Xu, Baoyuan Meng 8. Xu L, Xu K, Wu Z, et al. Pioglitazone attenuates advanced
Writing–original draft: Kai Yan, Rui Du glycation end products-induced apoptosis and calcification
by modulating autophagy in tendon-derived stem cells.
Writing–review & editing: Kai Yan, Fei Yu J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24(3):2240-2251.
doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14901
Ethics approval and consent to participate
9. Tachibana N, Chijimatsu R, Okada H, et al. RSPO2 defines
All animal experiments in this study were conducted in a distinct undifferentiated progenitor in the tendon/
accordance with standard procedures and approved by ligament and suppresses ectopic ossification. Sci Adv.
the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital 2022;8(33):eabn2138.
Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2138
(Approval No.: 2021AE01031). 10. Wang T, Chen P, Chen L, et al. Reduction of mechanical
loading in tendons induces heterotopic ossification and
Consent for publication activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway. J Orthop
Transl. 2021;29:42-50.
Not applicable.
doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.03.004
Availability of data 11. Pierantoni M, Hammerman M, Silva Barreto I, et al.
Spatiotemporal and microstructural characterization of
The data supporting the findings of this study are heterotopic ossification in healing rat Achilles tendons.
available on request from the corresponding author upon FASEB J. 2023;37(6).
reasonable request. doi: 10.1096/fj.202201018RRR

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 311 doi: 10.36922/IJB025210203