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                      R. Temoltzi-Avila, J. Temoltzi-Avila / IJOCTA, Vol.15, No.1, pp.92-102 (2025)
            y j and ˙y j satisfy the following inequality for each  source, then we can verify that the function de-
            t ∈ [0, T]:                                       fined in (14) is a solution to the initial-boundary
                                                              value problem (1)–(3).

                           δ j                    κ 2
                 |y j (t)| ≤  , | ˙y j (t)| ≤ 2δ j  1 +  .    The proof of Theorem 1 is complete.
                         κ 1 β 2                  κ 1
                             j
                                                              Acknowledgments
            To prove Theorem 1, we verify that the series on
            the right-hand side of (14) and the series defin-  None.
            ing the functions in (7) converge uniformly on Ω.
            In the proof of Lemma 1 it has been shown that    Funding
            the series on the right-hand sides of (14), (15)
            and (16) converge uniformly on Ω to the func-     None.
            tions y,  ∂y  and  ∂y  , respectively, so it remains to
                     ∂x     ∂t                                Conflict of interest
            verify that this also holds for the series defining
                                        2
                           2
            the functions  ∂ y 2 and  cf D α ∂ y 2 .          The authors declare that they have no conflict of
                          ∂x       0  t ∂x
                                                              interest regarding the publication of this article.
            We observe from (14) that
                                ∞
                   2
                  ∂ y          X    2                         Author Contributions
                     (x, t) = −    β sin(β j x)y j (t),  (18)
                                                                                               ´
                  ∂x 2              j                         Conceptualization: Ra´ul Temoltzi-Avila
                               j=1
                                                              Formal analysis: All authors
            and therefore,
                                                              Methodology: All authors
                    2        ∞                 ∞
                   ∂ y       X              1  X            Writing – original draft: All authors
                                   2
                      (x, t) ≤    β |y j (t)| ≤
                                 j               δ j .
                  ∂x                         κ 1
                    2                                       Writing – review & editing: All authors
                               j=1              j=1
                                                 P  ∞
            We observe from this inequality that if  j=1 j is
                                                       δ
            convergent, then the series on the right-hand side  Availability of data
                                                         2
                                                        ∂ y
            of (18) converges uniformly to the function
                                                        ∂x 2  Not applicable.
            on Ω, which follows from the Weierstrass M-test.
                                                              References
            On the other hand, from the representation (18)
            it follows that                                    [1] Bhatter, S., Kumawat, S., Bhatia, B., & Puro-
                                  ∞
                     2
                    ∂ y          X                                hit, S. D. (2024). Analysis of COVID-19 epidemic
                                      2
                                                   α
              cf D α    (x, t) = −   β sin(β j x)  cf D y j (t)
               0  t   2               j         0  t              with intervention impacts by a fractional oper-
                    ∂x
                                 j=1                              ator. An International Journal of Optimization
                                                       (19)       and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA),
            where                                                 14(3), 261–275. https://doi.org/10.11121/i
                                      t  2                        jocta.1515
                                    Z
                 α
             cf D y j (t) =  µ α y j (t) −  µ α −µ α(t−η) y j (η)dη.
                                          e
              0  t                                             [2] Li, F. (2023). Incorporating fractional operators
                          α          0  α                         into interaction dynamics of a chaotic biological
            We note that                                          model. Results in Physics, 54(2023), 107052. ht
                           α
                       cf
                       | D y j (t)| ≤    2δ j   ,                 tps://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2023.107052
                        0
                           t
                                     (1 − α)κ 1 β 2            [3] Conejero, J. A., Franceschi, J. & Pic´o-Marco,
                                               j
                                                                  E. (2022). Fractional vs. ordinary control sys-
            which implies that                                    tems: what does the fractional derivative provide?
                         2          ∞                           Mathematics, 10, 2719. https://doi.org/10.3
                         ∂ y         X
                      α                   2δ j
                    cf D    (x, t) ≤

                    0  t  ∂x 2         (1 − α)κ 1               390/math10152719
                                     j=1                       [4] Sun H., Zhang Y., Baleanu D., Chen W. & Chen
                                                ∞                 Y. (2018). A new collection of real world appli-
                                         2     X
                                   <              δ j .           cations of fractional calculus in science and en-
                                     (1 − α)κ 1
                                               j=1                gineering. Communications in Nonlinear Science
                                         P  ∞                     and Numerical Simulation 64, 213–231. https:
            This inequality shows that if   j=1 j is conver-      //doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2018.04.019
                                               δ
            gent, then the series on the right-hand side of (19)  [5] Slimane I., Nazir G., Nieto J. & Yaqoob F. (2023).
                                                      2
            converges uniformly to the function  cf 0 D α ∂ y 2 on  Mathematical analysis of Hepatitis C Virus In-
                                                   t ∂x
            Ω, which follows once again from the Weierstrass      fection model in the framework of non-local and
            M-test.                                               non-singular kernel fractional derivative. Interna-
                                                                  tional Journal of Biomathematics 16(1), 2250064.
            If we substitute in (1) the series defined in (16),   https://doi.org/10.1142/S179352452250064
            (18), (19) and the series that defines the heat       4
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