Page 12 - IJPS-11-3

International Journal of
Population Studies Role of nuptiality patterns to fertility

Table 2. (Continued) livelihood has sharply dropped between the two surveys.
The decline from 42.25 to 26.77% signifies a major transition
Variables and categories Survey years CEB in the occupational landscape for women over 16 years.
2000 2016 p 2000 2016 The makeup of the women in terms of religion remained
Occupation unchanged between the two survey periods with nearly
Not working 32.81 46.29 0.001 6.5 6.2 two-thirds of women being affiliates of Christianity religion.
Agricultural employee 42.10 26.77 0.001 6.8 6.3 Community affluence has shown a slight decrease in the
Industry employee 25.09 26.94 0.050 5.8 4.8 percentage of women in both low- and high-wealth categories.
Community affluence At the same time, a significant increase was observed in the
medium-wealth category between the two surveys. By 2000,
Low 28.25 24.75 0.001 6.8 6.4 half of the women surveyed lived in communities with
Medium 43.25 49.68 0.001 6.7 6.0 low levels of education. However, in 2016, this percentage
High 28.50 25.56 0.002 5.7 5.0 dropped to 22.51%. The proportion of women who lived in
Community education well-informed communities significantly improved over the
Low 50.86 22.51 0.001 6.7 6.5 course of a 16-year period (Table 2).
Medium 34.33 46.66 0.001 6.7 6.3 All wealth index quintiles, except for the lowest one,
High 14.81 30.83 0.001 5.0 4.6 increased during the period between the two surveys. In
Contraceptive use the 2000, a large number of women (94.89%) relied on no
No method and traditional 94.89 74.38 0.001 6.4 5.8 or traditional methods of contraception, while 5.11% used
modern methods. By 2016, a quarter of women (25.62%)
Modern method 5.11 25.62 0.001 6.7 5.9
Wealth index used modern methods, indicating a shift toward increased
use of modern methods among women. The average
Lowest quintile 22.50 20.11 0.007 7.1 6.6 number of deceased children was 1.6 per women in 2000
Second quintile 17.64 18.90 0.130 6.8 6.3 and 1 in 2016. The average child survival increased by
Middle quintile 17.59 20.17 0.002 6.4 6.1 50% among women aged 35 and above during the period
Fourth quintile 20.17 21.90 0.049 6.6 6.2 between the two surveys (Table 2).
Highest quintile 19.62 22.17 0.001 5.4 4.2 Although the percentage of illiterate women has
Number of deceased children 1.6 0.8 0.001 decreased, the average number of children born to these
Number of children ever born 28230 24757 0.001 groups of women remained relatively unchanged across the
Number of women aged 35+ 4371 4238 0.2128 two surveys. Among women with that achieved a secondary
Overall CEB 0.001 6.46 5.84 and above level of education, nearly a 40% drop in the average
Abbreviation: CEB: Number of children ever born alive; CEB was observed, from 4.1 to 2.5. The average number of
SNNP: Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region. CEB significantly decreased among urban dwellers (27%),
and slightly decreased among rural residents. The average
women aged 35 and above, whereas 4371 were from 2000 number of CEB among women living in Tigray, Amhara,
and 4238 were from the 2016 survey. The total number of Oromia, Benishangul-Gumuz, SNNP, Gambela, and Dire
CEB was 28230 in 2000 and 24757 in 2016. Three regions, Dawa regions slightly decreased. Particularly, the average
Amhara, Oromiya, and Southern Nations, Nationalities, number of CEB in Addis Ababa and Harari region decreased
and Peoples’ Region (SNNP), contributed more than four almost by two children during the period between the two
in five samples in both surveys. A sizable portion of the surveys. However, the average number of CEB in Affar and
samples was from rural residents. Between the two survey Somali region increased. Collectively, the average number
years, there was a decrease in the percentage of women of CEB in agrarian regions and the mainly urban areas
living in rural areas from 85.52% to 81.36%. In terms of decreased by 0.6 and 1.9, respectively, whereas the CEB
educational attainment, there was a slight increase in number in emerging regions increased by 0.5 during the
literacy. For instance, there was a 13.18% rise in primary period between the two surveys (Table 2).
education among women aged 35 and above. Similarly, The average number of CEB among Christian religious
there was a slight increase (5%) in secondary-level followers decreased by 0.9. No significant reduction in
education achievement among women aged 35 and above. the average number of CEB was observed among women
The proportion of women with no work has increased without work between the two surveys. On the contrary,
between the two surveys (from 32.81 to 46.29%), whereas the average number of CEB was reduced by one child
the average level of engagement in agricultural activity as between the two surveys. Similarly, the average number

Volume 11 Issue 3 (2025) 6 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.5749