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Innovative Medicines & Omics Synthesis and docking of diorganotin (IV) chelates

1. Introduction bacterial protein. In addition, absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion (ADME) prediction analysis
There has been an increasing interest in research in the field was performed for ligands L-1 to L-4 to further assess their
of organotin (IV) chemistry due to the ease with which drug-likeness potential.
modern physical techniques can be applied to organotin
compounds, as well as their fascinating structural and 2. Methodology
toxicological properties. Numerous studies have been
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conducted on the synthesis of organotin derivatives, 2.1. Experimental methodology
which often include ligands such as alkyl, carboxylates, The reaction was carried out under anhydrous conditions,
xanthates, Schiff bases, phenanthroline, and dipeptides. 2-18 and the solvent was dried using standard methods. The
Many of these derivatives have also been investigated for molecular weight (MW) was determined osmotically
their antimicrobial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory on a vapor pressure osmometer (Model K-7000, Knauer,
properties. 4,9-18 Organotin-phenanthroline complexes have Germany) in chloroform (CHCl ) solution at 45°C. Sulfur
3
demonstrated promising biological activities, including was estimated using the Messenger’s method. Dimethyltin
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antimicrobial and anticancer properties, as the metal- dichloride and dibutyltin dichloride were distilled before
nitrogen coordination enhances the stability and reactivity use. The synthesized organotin (IV) chelates, resulting from
of the complex. Schiff bases, follow a similar procedure. Nuclear magnetic
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Medicinal chemistry and drug design have advanced resonance (NMR) spectra ( H and C) were recorded on
significantly through the use of computational methods an NMR spectrometer (DELTA-2, JEOL, Japan), using
for the virtual screening of molecules as potential drug tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the internal reference. With
candidates, as they reduce both costs and time. Molecular the help of potassium bromide (KBr) pellets, the infrared
−1
docking and density functional theory (DFT) methods are (IR) spectrum was recorded from 4,000 to 400 cm using a
efficient computational approaches widely used in the drug spectrophotometer (SP-2, PerkinElmer, USA).
development process. 19,20 Molecular docking assesses the For the synthesis of 4-(2’-mercapto-phenyl-
binding compatibility of molecules (ligands) with their target iminobenzoyl)-2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-
(receptor), while DFT calculations enable the evaluation of pyrazol-3-onato dimethyltin (IV), sodium metal weighing
several electronic descriptors that characterize molecular 0.143 g (6.2 mmol) was dissolved in about 10.0 mL
reactivity. 21 These include measurements of electron of methanol. A benzene solution of 4-(2’-mercapto-
distribution properties (electronegativity), resistance to phenyl-iminobenzoyl)-2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-
electronic changes (chemical hardness), electron flow 3H-pyrazol-3-ones (5 mL, 0.62 M) was then added
tendencies (chemical potential), and electron-accepting dropwise, followed by a 5-h reflux. A benzene solution
capacity (electrophilicity index). Numerous studies have of dimethyltin dichloride (5 mL, 0.62 M) was then added
employed two key computational approaches, namely DFT dropwise, and the reaction mixture was refluxed for about
and molecular docking, to unveil potential biomedical 5 h. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool, and
applications of tin (Sn) complexes. 14-18 These significant the resultant sodium chloride (NaCl) precipitate was
applications of organic derivatives of Sn complexes have filtered off. The precipitated NaCl was decanted, and the
stimulated further studies in this field. However, neither fraction of volatile matter was removed. White to dark
experimental nor theoretical studies of pentacoordinated brown-colored solid products were obtained. The chelated
diorganotin (IV) azomethine chelates are available. Our products were soluble in common organic solvents, such as
work provides new experimental and theoretical data benzene and chloroform, but insoluble in petroleum ether
that could reveal unique structural features and reactivity and n-hexane. The complex compounds were subjected
profiles. These data provide a foundation for future studies to recrystallization from a chloroform/petroleum ether
on similar compounds. mixture. Osmometric MW analysis in chloroform solution
In this paper, we report the preparation, spectral at 45°C showed that the substances were monomeric.
elucidation, structural aspects, molecular docking, and Further characterization of the complexes was carried out
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DFT study of several organotin complexes resulting from using spectral techniques ( H, C, Sn NMR, and IR).
sterically overcrowded 4-(2’mercapto-phenyl-iminoaroyl/ Similarly, the remaining three diorganotin (IV)
alkyl)-2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3- complexes were synthesized through the reaction of
ones. It is of interest to investigate the interaction of these 4-(2’-mercapto-phenyl-iminobenzoyl)-2,4-dihydro-5-
sterically congested ligands to examine their microbicidal methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one with dimethyltin
activity. Therefore, molecular docking was used to dichloride in the presence of sodium methoxide. The
determine the binding affinity of these ligands with the formation of the desired chelates was confirmed based

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 69 doi: 10.36922/IMO025140019