Page 56 - ITPS-6-2

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Liquid herbal preparations

HM6, HM7, and H13 contained only fungi. HM11 was beyond pharmacopeial limits whiles HM9, HM14, and
contaminated with both fungi and S. aureus, while HM12 HM15 had Escherichia coli levels within pharmacopeial
[20]
and HM15 were contaminated with E. coli. Fungi, E. coli, limits . Samples HM 7, HM11, and HM14 had fungi
and S. typhi were found to be present in HM14. counts beyond pharmacopeial limits whiles HM4, HM5,
HM6, HM9, and HM13 had their counts being within
The level of microbial contamination in the sampled pharmacopeial limits [15,19-21] . S. typhi counts in HM 14 were
herbal preparations is recorded in Table 4. Samples above pharmacopeial limits [15,19-21] . None of the sampled
HM4, HM5, and HM12 had their Escherichia coli counts herbal liquid preparations contained P. aeruginosa. HM11

Table 3. Results of microbial analysis
Sample Nutrient agar Fungi E. coli S. typhi P. aeruginosa S. aureus
HM1 No growth No growth No growth No growth No growth No growth
HM2 No growth No growth No growth No growth No growth No growth
HM3 No growth No growth No growth No growth No growth No growth
HM4 Growth Growth Growth No growth No growth No growth
HM5 Growth Growth Growth No growth No growth No growth
HM6 Growth Growth No growth No growth No growth No growth
HM7 Growth Growth No growth No growth No growth No growth
HM8 No growth No growth No growth No growth No growth No growth
HM9 Growth Growth Growth No growth No growth No growth
HM10 No growth No growth No growth No growth No growth No growth
HM11 Growth Growth No growth No growth No growth Growth
HM12 Growth No growth Growth No growth No growth No growth
HM13 Growth Growth No growth No growth No growth No growth
HM14 Growth Growth Growth Growth No growth No growth
HM15 Growth No growth Growth No growth No growth No growth
Abbreivations: E. coli: Escherichia coli; S. typhi: Salmonella typhi; S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus; P. aeruginosa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Table 4. Level of microbial contamination in sampled herbal preparations
Sample E. coli (cfu/mL) Fungi (cfu/mL) S. typhi (cfu/mL) S. aureus (cfu/mL) P. aeruginosa (cfu/mL)
HM1 - - - - -
HM2 - - - - -
HM3 - - - ‑ -
HM4 TNC <1×10 1 - ‑ -
HM5 TNC <1×10 1 - - -
HM6 - <1×10 1 - - -
HM7 - TNC - - -
HM8 - - - - -
HM9 <1×10 1 <1×10 1 - - -
HM10 - - - - -
HM11 - TNC - TNC -
HM12 TNC - - - -
HM13 - <1×10 1 - - -
HM14 <1×10 1 TNC <1×10 1 - -
HM15 <1×10 1 - - - -
Abbreviations: TNC: Too numerous to count; E. coli: Escherichia coli; S. typhi: Salmonella typhi; S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus; P. aeruginosa:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Volume 6 Issue 2 (2023) 4 https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.0425