Page 80 - ITPS-7-4

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Estrogen treatment reverse hypertension

findings where ETD was shown to offer protection cardioprotective, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant
against oxidative stress in OVX rats. 46,47 ETD reduces ROS benefits in OVX rats exposed to thermoxidized oils.
production by downregulating mitogen-activated protein
kinase activity and also decreases inflammatory markers Acknowledgments
and lipid peroxidation. 48,49 None.
In rats fed with TSO, treatment with EZE+ATV
similarly restored SOD levels, while ATV treatment Funding
increased GSH, SOD, and CAT levels. Elevated expression None.
of CAT inhibits the stimulation of ROS. As a crucial
enzyme in the antioxidant defense system, CAT interacts Conflict of interest
with two molecules of hydrogen peroxide, breaking them The authors declare they have no competing interests.
down into water and oxygen in a free radical scavenging
50
process. Author contributions
The results of this study suggest that ovariectomy Conceptualization: Olufunke E. Olorundare
alone contributes to dyslipidemia; however, ovariectomy Formal analysis: Joy T. Folahan, Abayomi M. Ajayi,
does not independently lead to significant elevation in Temidayo O. Omobowale
blood pressure or oxidative stress. However, dyslipidemia, Investigation: Joy T. Folahan, Abayomi M. Ajayi, Olubunmi
which is a direct consequence of ovariectomy, is a well- Atolani, Adeoye O. Oyewopo, Olumuyiwa A.
established risk factor for CVDs. Furthermore, the Adejumobi
consumption of thermoxidized oil exacerbates the effects Methodology: Olufunke E. Olorundare
of ETD withdrawal, resulting in elevated blood pressure, Writing – original draft: Joy T. Folahan, Abayomi M. Ajayi,
AI, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers. Olubunmi Atolani
The health effects of chronic consumption of TSO Writing – review & editing: Olufunke E. Olorundare,
or TPO have been previously described. 51,52 Both have Abayomi M. Ajayi, Saheed O. Afolabi, Mary O. Ologe
been shown to negatively impact lipid levels and general Ethics approval and consent to participate
cardiovascular health. Based on their major fatty acid
components, palm oil is classified as SFs, while soya oil Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the
is classified as a polyunsaturated fatty acid. A recent Ethical Review Committee of the University of Ilorin,
2
systematic review showed the health impact of plant- Nigeria, under approval number UERC/ASN/2021/2038.
derived SFs, such as palm oil, remains inconclusive,
as both LDL-c and HDL-c levels increase following its Consent for publication
consumption. 2 Not applicable.
TPO significantly elevated DBP, MAP, and SBP, while Availability of data
TSO raised SBP alone. Regarding their effects on ECG
parameters, TPO increased heart rate and prolonged All data generated or analyzed during this study are
the QT interval, an effect not observed in the TSO included in this published article.
group. Although TSO also had adverse health impacts,
these results suggest that its impact is less severe than References
that of TPO. These results align with dietary guidelines 1. United States Department of Agriculture. Washington: Global
advocating for the modification of dietary fats, specifically Oilseed Demand Growth Forecast to Outpace Production
recommending reducing the intake of SFs and replacing (Again). Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade; 2018. Available
them with unsaturated fatty acids to lower CVD risk. 2 from: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/oilseedsworldmarkets-
and-trade [Last accessed on 2021 Apr 23].
5. Conclusion 2. Unhapipatpong C, Shantavasinkul PC, Kasemsup V, et al.

Our study demonstrates that the combination of Tropical oil consumption and cardiovascular disease: An
umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta analyses.
menopause and thermoxidized oil consumption has a Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1549.
synergistically deleterious effect on cardiovascular health
and the antioxidant system, with TPO exerting the most doi: 10.3390/nu13051549
adverse impact. We propose that ETD supplementation 3. Sacks FM, Lichtenstein AH, Wu J, et al. Dietary fats and
and treatment with antihyperlipidemic drugs offer cardiovascular disease: A presidential advisory from the

Volume 7 Issue 4 (2024) 8 doi: 10.36922/itps.3901