Page 78 - ITPS-7-4

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Estrogen treatment reverse hypertension

levels, whereas ATV and EZE + ATV reduced triglyceride 4. Discussion
levels. All treatments significantly decreased AI and CRI
indices. Post-menopausal women experience a marked increase
in CVD risk, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and
25
3.4. ETD and antihyperlipidemic drugs alleviate atherosclerosis. Studies have also shown that long-term
oxidative stress in OVX rats treated with feeding of TPO or TSO to OVX rats increases the risk of
thermoxidized oils CVD by accelerating the development of hyperlipidemia
and atherosclerosis. 26-27 This effect is a result of the
The concentrations of oxidative stress markers – GSH, generation of oxidized products, such as oxidized LDL,
MDA, and CAT – in OVX rats were comparable to those of 25,28,29
Sham rats, except for SOD, which was significantly depleted and their interaction with blood vessel components.
in OVX rats compared to Sham. Diets containing TSO Our study explored the potential ameliorative effects of
(Table 7) and TPO (Table 8) markedly (P < 0.05) reduced ETD, ATV, and EZE + ATV in this context.
serum GSH, CAT, and SOD levels while significantly OVX rats not exposed to thermoxidized oil maintained
increasing MDA levels in comparison to Sham. Treatment normal levels of SBP, DBP, and MAP. In contrast, OVX rats
with ATV + NCN significantly increased serum GSH levels. fed thermoxidized oil diets showed elevated blood pressure
In addition, treatment with ATV, EZE + ATV, and ETD compared to the Sham group. These results indicate
reversed the oxidative stress induced by thermoxidized that prolonged exposure to thermoxidized oil induces
oils, as revealed by the significantly decreased (P < 0.05) hypertension, which aligns with findings from previous
MDA levels and increased CAT and SOD levels, in contrast studies. 17,30,31 However, treatment with antihyperlipidemic
to the untreated TSO and TPO groups. drugs resulted in significant reductions in SBP, DBP, and

Table 7. Effects of estrogen and antihyperlipidemic drugs on serum oxidative stress markers in ovariectomized Wistar rats fed
thermoxidized soya oil
Treatment Serum oxidative stress parameters
GSH (µM/mg protein) MDA (nM/mg protein) CAT (U/mg protein) SOD (U/mg protein)
Sham 0.38±0.03 2.20±0.06 6.02±0.34 1.22±0.05
OVX 0.34±0.05 2.61±0.16 5.24±0.31 0.42±0.03 #
OVX+TSO 0.20±0.03 # 3.09±0.08 # 4.26±0.16 # 0.38±0.04 #
OVX+TSO+ATV 0.41±0.03*** 2.39±0.13*** 6.26±0.31** 1.48±0.09***
OVX+TSO+EZE+ATV 0.31±0.02 2.28±0.11*** 5.12±0.30 0.91±0.06***
OVX+TSO+ETD 0.24±0.04 2.45±0.14** 5.41±0.28 0.66±0.10
Notes: Values are expressed as mean±SEM. Statistical significance: P<0.05 compared to Sham; *P<0.05 compared to OVX+TSO; **P<0.01 compared to
#
OVX+TSO; ***P<0.001 compared to OVX+TSO/OVX+TPO.
Abbreviations: ATV: Atorvastatin; CAT: Catalase; ETD: Estradiol valerate; EZE: Ezetimibe; GSH: Glutathione; MDA: Malondialdehyde;
OVX: Ovariectomized; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TSO: Thermoxidised soya oil.

Table 8. Effects of estrogen and antihyperlipidemic drugs on serum oxidative stress markers in ovariectomized Wistar rats fed
thermoxidized palm oil

Treatment Serum oxidative stress parameters
GSH (µM/mg protein) MDA (nM/mg protein) CAT (U/mg protein) SOD (U/mg protein)
Sham 0.38±0.03 2.20±0.06 6.02±0.34 1.22±0.05
OVX 0.34±0.05 2.61±0.16 5.24±0.31 0.42±0.03 #
OVX+TPO 0.18±0.02 # 3.35±0.14 # 4.25±0.20 # 0.47±0.06 #
OVX+TPO+ATV 0.26±0.04 2.14±0.04*** 6.11±0.49** 1.42±0.15***
OVX+TPO+EZE+ATV 0.28±0.05 2.38±0.16*** 5.21±0.18 0.47±0.03
OVX+TPO+ETD 0.24±0.03 2.30±0.09*** 4.80±0.14 0.69±0.03
Notes: Values are expressed as mean±SEM. Statistical significance: P<0.05 compared to Sham; *P<0.05 compared to OVX+TPO; **P<0.01 compared to
#
OVX+TPO; ***P<0.001 compared to OVX+TPO.
Abbreviations: ATV: Atorvastatin; CAT: Catalase; ETD: Estradiol valerate; EZE: Ezetimibe; GSH: Glutathione; MDA: Malondialdehyde;
OVX: Ovariectomized; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TPO: Thermoxidized palm oil.

Volume 7 Issue 4 (2024) 6 doi: 10.36922/itps.3901