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INNOSC Theranostics

and Pharmacological Sciences

REVIEW ARTICLE
Planning and performing image-assisted robotic

interventions using personalized, minimally
invasive, safe, and precise therapeutics

Adel Razek*

Group of Electrical Engineering – Paris, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay and Sorbonne University,
Gif sur Yvette, France

Abstract

This review aims to analyze complex medical interventions planned and performed
using image-guided robots. Such interventions, which may involve surgical
or targeted drug delivery, are minimally invasive, precise, and safe therapies.
The accuracy of robotic positioning is improved by reducing uncertainty and
complexity, which can be achieved by matching real and virtual interventional
procedures involving physical and virtual phantoms of the relevant part of the
corresponding living tissues. Such tailored training includes personalized, patient,
and interventional tool characteristics, and the results enable a real (with patient)
intervention controlled by staff and a possible matched autonomous intervention
*Corresponding author:
Adel Razek under staff supervision. This paper discusses considerations for selecting appropriate
(adel.razek@centralesupelec.fr) scanners to control and monitor image-guided interventional procedures, planning
Citation: Razek A. Planning and personalized medical interventions using physical and virtual phantoms, involving
performing image-assisted robotic staff in the loop, and employing augmented matched digital twins (DTs) for real
interventions using personalized, interventions. Moreover, the paper positions the image-assisted robotic strategy
minimally invasive, safe, and
precise therapeutics. INNOSC in comparison to laparoscopic surgery. Each topic covered in this article, while
Theranostics and Pharmacological self-contained, is supported by examples from the literature to facilitate a deeper
Sciences. 2025;8(1):1-13. understanding. The outcomes of this review highlight the importance of complex
doi: 10.36922/itps.4567
medical interventions involving image-assisted robotics or laparoscopic processes
Received: August 18, 2024 involving minimally invasive, nonionizing, and precise interventions. Furthermore,
1st revised: October 25, 2024 DTs already integrated into healthcare, combined with digital tools, could offer an
effective solution for managing image-assisted robotics. This includes planning
2nd revised: November 4, 2024
interventions with phantoms or patients and involving staff in the loop.
Accepted: November 6, 2024
Published online: November 22, Keywords: Image-guided therapeutics; Living tissues; Surgery and drug delivery
2024
interventions; Complexity; Uncertainties; Monitoring paired real–virtual twins
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution
License, permitting distribution, 1. Introduction
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is Throughout history, the drive for progress has remained constant. Today, many routine
properly cited. processes and technologies contribute to modern well-being, with one of the most critical
Publisher’s Note: AccScience domains being health-related strategies that prioritize safety, comfort, and curative
Publishing remains neutral with outcomes. Recent advances in medical sciences have uncovered the causes of numerous
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional illnesses and developed strategies to address them, primarily through surgical and drug
affiliations. delivery interventions. The effectiveness of these interventions is directly linked to factors

Volume 8 Issue 1 (2025) 1 doi: 10.36922/itps.4567