Page 8 - ITPS-8-1

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Image-assisted personalized interventions

such as safety, comfort, and curative outcome of the patient, and monitoring of image-guided intervention procedures
which rely heavily on the tactile and visual skills of medical comprising closed-loop control of image-assisted robotics
staff. These interventions aim to be minimally invasive and the reduction of perturbing factors in such control
and precisely targeted, thus protecting healthy tissues by monitoring real–virtual pairs. Section four discusses
surrounding the affected areas. Furthermore, medical staff the planning of personalized and medical rulings, which
is expected to deliver personalized patient care, which incorporate both physical and virtual phantoms, along
intensifies the skills required for operational efforts. The with integrating prospective individuals (staff) in the loop
concept of personalized medicine involves medical care and using augmented digital twins (DTs) for real (with
tailor-made to the specific requirements of each patient, patient) interventions. A discussion on additional details
allowing for, in addition to the specific disease to be of notions and concepts involved in the developed analyses
treated, factors such as hereditary characteristics, daily life, is provided in section five. Finally, section six discusses
ecological environment, and reaction to treatments. conclusions and future suggestions.
Based on the above-described information, the least 2. Image-guided medical interventions
invasive and positional precision tactile and visual skills
could be advantageously replaced through dedicated Traditional invasive interventions pose challenges in
image-guided robotics or equivalent strategies such surgical procedures and restrict drug administration.
1-4
as laparoscopic surgery. In fact, robotic surgery is At present, minimally invasive, image-assisted robotics
5
the daughter of laparoscopic surgery with an evident enhance patient ease and safety as well as procedural
improvement in technology and also in the fatigue of the accuracy and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can
surgeon who assumes a more comfortable position for target almost any area in the body, and controlled release
the entire duration of the procedure. Such substitution through implants prevents side effects.
is particularly further recommended for more complex 2.1. Characteristics of interventional scanners
interventions. Moreover, such interventional complexity
that can be encountered during major surgical procedures Most imaging scanners can be used in robotic assistance.
6-9
or limited drug delivery 10-12 obligates actions in a restricted However, each of the imaging methods is acceptable for
14
area, as mentioned earlier, to protect healthy living tissues an explicit condition. Those engaging ionizing radiations,
bordering the affected area. Hence, closed-loop robotic or such as X-ray and positron emission, would not be
laparoscopic processes would enable complex interventions appropriate for extensive-duration actions. Consequently,
reflecting positioning precision, minimally invasive, and only the two nonionizing scanners, namely, magnetic
restricted-area medical rulings by assistance using methods resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound imaging (USI),
that are harmless to healthy living tissues. In such closed- would fit such prolonged actions. 15-18
4,5
loop robotic control processes, different problems may be An imaging scanner is expected to provide
encountered, related to the management of complexity, high-resolution, 3D visualization the tissue structure and
uncertainty, and unanticipated dangerous incidents. Such close-action instrumentation. Robotic assistance works
problems can be solved using a control strategy based on within the imager scaffold alongside the object, enabling
matched physical–virtual pairs. Therefore, the concept of closed-loop management of tasks, such as tracking
4,13
personalized medicine as well as the last mentioned medical object motion and distortion, tracing robotic tools, and
rulings could be planned (predetermined) by monitoring a controlling drug release. Due to the increasing use of
matched physical–virtual pair (involving a physical phantom interdependent scanner–robot actions, a new approach
and its model) allowing the verification of the intervention has emerged that allows medical staff to treat patients more
result. This supervision can be aided by a human intercession. efficiently. Placing robotics within the imaging scaffold
Furthermore, in expectancy, a monitoring of the real–virtual merges imaging capability with robotic competence, thus
pair could be autonomous in the presence of the patient and developing closed-loop management.
with the medical staff in the loop.

The aim of this review is to analyze complex personalized 2.2. Features of MRI and USI
medical interventions planned and performed using Both MRI and USI exhibit the abovementioned features
image-guided robotics, ensuring minimally invasive and relative to imaging and interventional tasks. However,
safe conditions for precise surgical or drug administration USI can function only in boneless and airless frames.
3,4
procedures. The next sections in this paper are summarized The second distinction is the MRI’s requirement for a
as follows. Section two is dedicated to image-guided scaffolding environment devoid of electromagnetic (EM)
medical interventions involving features of adapted noise. 19-25 However, MRI appears to be a comprehensive
interventional scanners. Section three discusses the control scanner conditional to circumventing EM noise.

Volume 8 Issue 1 (2025) 2 doi: 10.36922/itps.4567