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INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Image-assisted personalized interventions

Figure 3. Schematic of camouflage involving the environment observation-imitation strategy pair with its two-way link (sensory–return) for variable
environment real-time adaptive matching

is then frequently to obtain the border between Figure 3 illustrates a representation of camouflage,
sparing time and weakening exactness. The key idea highlighting the link between environmental
originates from the observation that a superior model observation, mimicry strategy, and its bidirectional
is much time-consuming to execute in real time” (sensory–feedback) link for a variable environment
or consider revising suitably. A model reduction using real-time correspondence.
(surrogate model) is therefore substituted 106,107 for the
superior model to perform a pre-sizing. Moreover, 6. Conclusion
one can practice stochastic non-intrusive methods This review paper contributed to the analyses of
(e.g., kriging and polynomial chaos) 108,109 that expend complex medical interventions involving image-assisted
3D FEM calculations with a restrained group of robotics (or laparoscopic) processes under conditions of
attainments (learning samples), thus providing minimally invasive, nonionizing, and precise surgical or
efficient metamodels.
• Real-virtual matched pairs are materialized in this drug delivery interventions. The adaptation of scanners
for robotic interventions, their control and monitoring,
review article by the DT concept. This concept was
first introduced by Michael Grieves in 2002 [62], the mitigation of perturbing factors, and the planning
although its principle existed earlier. For example, its of personalized medical decisions with prospective
use by NASA for complex simulations to control the augmented routines have been analyzed and discussed.
safety of spacecraft following a worrying explosion DTs, which can be readily integrated into healthcare, may
in the oxygen tank of the Apollo 13 mission in 1970. offer an efficient solution for managing image-assisted
After this accident, the mission adapted simulators for robotics when combined with digital tools. This can be
the real spacecraft conditions; this was possibly one of implemented in various forms, including planning and
the first practical applications of a DT, although it was interventions using phantoms and patient involvement,
not a common concept in 1970. Moreover, the practice with staff in the loop. A potential future research direction
of real–virtual matching is related to virtual modeling could focus on further exploring the mechanical behaviors
or reasoned deduction accounting for the observation of living tissues in real time.
of an object or phenomenon. Hence, the matching
(or mirroring) of an observable with its virtual image Acknowledgments
has been and still practiced in numerous natural None.
and artificial circumstances. Humans and other
living beings often rely on observation and sensory Funding
maneuvers, using deduction and mimicry to ensure None.
self-protection and survival. Deductive reasoning,
coupled with observation, is one of the earliest Conflict of interest
learned natural abilities. For example in wildlife, life
security is based on observation, and occurrences of The author declares no conflicts of interest.
imitation strategy are recurrent, this is materialized Author contributions
by camouflage. This facilitates living beings to blend
110
into their environments through adaptive matching. This is a single-authored article.

Volume 8 Issue 1 (2025) 7 doi: 10.36922/itps.4567