Page 101 - JCAU-5-2

Journal of Chinese
Architecture and Urbanism Study on ecosystem service value in Wuhan

Table 1. (Continued)
Ecosystem service functions Valuation index Valuation method Calculation formula Indices
Type Sub‑type Indicator
Reduction Replacement cost V =24%×A×(X -X ) P /ρ V is the value of reducing sediment
w
sd
1
sd
2
of sediment method of reservoir deposition; A is the area of ecosystem (hm );
2
deposition engineering P is the cost of sediment cleaning (yuan/t);
w
and ρ is the soil bulk density (g/cm )
3
Nutrient cycling Fixation of N, P, Replacement cost V =A×NPP×(NC /R +PC / V is the annual value of nutrient
nc
1
1
1
nc
and K method R +KC /R ) maintenance; N, P, and K are the contents
2
3
2
of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in
plants (%)
Biodiversity Biodiversity Shannon–Wiener V =P ×A V is the value of biodiversity conservation;
bc
bc
s
maintenance conservation index method and P is the conservation value of species
s
2
function resources per unit area (yuan/hm ·a)
Cultural Aesthetic Travel Travel cost method V =MTE×T p V is the value of aesthetic landscape; MTE
al
al
service landscape is per capita tourism expenditure (yuan);
and T is the annual number of travelers
p
industry, domestic, and ecology water in 1996, 2000, 2005, carbon fixation and oxygen release of Wuhan could be
2010, 2015, and 2018 was based on the current water calculated. Then, assuming that the cost of forestation
consumption unit price in Wuhan city. The agricultural and average price of oxygen were 260.90 yuan/t and 1000
water consumption unit prices were 0.03, 0.035, 0.04, 0.04, yuan/t, respectively (Ouyang et al., 2011), the value of gas
0.16, and 0.16 yuan/m , respectively; the unit prices of regulation by the ecosystem of Wuhan between 1996 and
3
industrial water were 0.55, 0.79, 1.51, 1.65, 2.35, and 2.35 2018 can be calculated.
yuan/m , respectively; the unit prices for domestic and
3
ecological water were 0.67, 0.85, 1.51, 1.65, 2.28, and 2.28 2.4.4. Climate regulation
yuan/m , respectively. Climate regulation mainly refers to the maintenance of a
3
pleasant climate, both at local and global scales, and the
2.4.3. Gas regulation value of which was estimated through the transpiration of
The main services associated with gas regulation are to plant leaves and evaporation of water by alternative cost
maintain clean, breathable air, which depends on the method (Xiao et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2012). The formula
chemical balance in the atmosphere maintained by bio- is as follows:
geochemical processes that regulate the CO /O balance, V =E × L × P /α (V)
2
2
SO levels, and so on. The current research only studied cr e
x
the function of release of oxygen and carbon sequestration, Where V is the climate regulation value; E is the
cr
2
which was estimated according to the photosynthesis transpiration (J/hm ·d); L is the evaporation heat
equation, that is, 1.63 tons of CO can be fixed and 1.19 tons consumption coefficient (J/g); P is the current electricity
e
2
of O can be released for each ton of dry matter formed. Soil price (yuan/kWh); and α is the air-conditioning efficiency
2
carbon sequestration was calculated by different soil carbon ratio.
densities. The values were calculated by the afforestation The evaporation heat consumption coefficient can be
cost method and industrial oxygen production method, calculated from the monthly average temperature of July,
respectively (Zhao et al., 2004; Miu et al., 2016; Wang et al., August, and September in Wuhan. The first-tier electricity
2013; Chen & Zheng, 2021). The formula is as follows: price in Wuhan, which were the prices of 0.523 yuan/kWh
V = P × A × (1.63 × NPP+D )+1.19 × P × A × NPP (IV) in 1996, 2000 and 2005, and 0.573 yuan/kWh in 2010,
q
c
o
c
Where V is the total value of gas regulation; NPP is the 2015 and 2018, adopted as the electricity price (P). The
conventional average value of 3.25 was taken as the air-
q
net primary productivity of the ecosystem (t/hm ·a); D c conditioning efficiency ratio (Deng et al., 2019).
2
is carbon density of soil (t/hm ); P is the price of carbon
2
c
sequestration (yuan/t); P is the price of O production; 2.4.5. Environmental purification
2
o
2
and A is the area of ecosystem (hm ).
The main services provided by environmental purification
According to the average NPP and D of Wuhan are to purify the air and prevent human respiratory
c
(Zhang et al., 2011; Ke & Tang, 2019), the total annual diseases caused by the excessive accumulation of harmful
Volume 5 Issue 2 (2023) 6 https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.0427