Page 103 - JCAU-5-2

Journal of Chinese
Architecture and Urbanism Study on ecosystem service value in Wuhan

Zhang et al., 2011; Ke & Tang, 2019), and the formula 2.4.9. Biodiversity conservation
is as follows: Biodiversity conservation function can be expressed by means
V = A × (X -X ) × (NC /R + PC /R + KC /R + MC ) (X) of the Shannon–Wiener index, which is divided into different
2
1
2
3
3
sf
2
1
1
1
Where V is the annual fertilizer conservation value; N, levels and given corresponding value parameter (Richardson
sf
P, and K are the average content of nitrogen, phosphorus, et al., 2015; Ye et al., 2013). The formula is as follows:
and potassium in soil (%); R and R are the content of V = P × A (XIII)
2
1
nitrogen and phosphorus in standard fertilizer, respectively bc s
(%); R is the potassium content of standard fertilizer (%); Where V is the value of biodiversity conservation; and
bc
3
C , C and C are the prices of (NH ) HPO , KCl, and P is the conservation value of species resources per unit
,
s
1
3
2
4 2
4
2
organic matter, respectively (yuan/t); and M is the content area (yuan/hm ·a).
of soil organic matter (%). The conservation values of species resources per unit
Data on the average content of nitrogen, phosphorus, area were obtained from the “People’s Republic of China
and potassium in soil were obtained from Wang et al. Forestry Standard: Forest Ecosystem Service Valuation
(2020) and Xiong et al. (2005). The content of nitrogen, Norms” (State Forestry Administration, 2008; State
Administration for Market Regulation & Standardization
phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter was taken as Administration of the People’s Republic of China, 2020).
the conventional average value of 18%, 46%, 60%, and 45%,
respectively. The prices of different fertilizers in different 2.4.10. Aesthetic landscape
years could be obtained from China Fertilizer Network Nature provides people with opportunities for recreation,
(http://www.fert.cn/). Thus, the value of maintaining soil tourism, scientific research, and education. The paper mainly
fertility could be calculated using Equation X. considered the value of recreation and tourism. The travel cost
(C) Reduction of sediment deposition method was used to assess the value of aesthetic landscape
According to the law of sediment movement in China, (Wang et al., 2014; Li et al., 2018; Deng et al., 2019).
about 24% of the sediment lost through soil erosion is V = MTE × T (XIV)
deposited in rivers and lakes, resulting in the decline al p
of water storage, and increasing the chance of drought Where V is the value of aesthetic landscape; MTE is
al
and flood disasters (Miu et al., 2016). The value can be per capita tourism expenditure (yuan); and T is the annual
p
calculated by shadow engineering method according number of travelers.
to water storage cost as follows: Based on the data of Wuhan Statistical Yearbook
V = 24% × A × (X − X ) × P /ρ (XI) (Wuhan Municipality Bureau of Statistics, 1997; 2001;
sd 2 1 w
Where V is the value of reducing sediment 2006; 2011; 2016; 2019), the values of aesthetic landscape
sd
deposition; A is the area of ecosystem (hm ); P is the could be obtained.
2
w
cost of sediment cleaning (yuan/t); and ρ is the soil bulk 2.4.11. The whole ESV
density (g/cm ).
3
The ESV of the four major categories and ten subcategories
The parameter values in this section are the same as the above constitutes the whole ESV, and the calculation
part in section 2.4.7. (A). formula is as follows:
2.4.8. Nutrient cycling V = V + V + V + V + V + V + V + V + V + V +
w
ws
sf
p
cr
se
sd
q
wc
fr
pe
V + V + V (XV)
Life depends on the cycling of chemical elements in nature, nc bc al
among which nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the Where V is the whole ESV; the meaning of other codes
w
most important (Ida et al., 2013; Ye et al., 2013; Ouyang can be found in the explanation of the above-mentioned
et al., 2011). The value can be calculated as follows: formulas.
V = A × NPP × (NC /R + PC /R + KC /R ) (XII) 3. Results
1
1
nc
1
2
2
3
Where V is the annual value of nutrient maintenance; 3.1. Changes of land use
nc
and N, P, and K are the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus,
and potassium in plants (%). The change of land use in Wuhan during the 1996 – 2018
periods is shown in Table 2 and Figure 2. Cultivated land
The average NPP of Wuhan was also obtained from was an important factor, with the greatest proportions
Zhang et al. (2011). The other parameter values in this (49.40% in 1996, 48.63% in 2000, 42.01% in 2005, 37.94%
section are consistent with those in section 2.4.7. (B). in 2010, 35.75% in 2015, 35.12% in 2018), followed
Volume 5 Issue 2 (2023) 8 https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.0427