Page 20 - JCAU-6-2

Journal of Chinese
Architecture and Urbanism Leisure-time physical activity

Table 5. Results of the research quality assessment of the included articles
Author, year Representativeness Confounder Data collection Results g Global
a Response rate b Individual c BE d Perceived e LTPA f Analytical rating
level level BE measures measures approach
Guo et al., 2021 0 2 0 1 0 2 0
Su et al., 2014 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
Yu et al., 2021 2 2 0 2 2 2 1
Cerin et al., 2013 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Yu et al., 2021 0 2 0 1 2 1 0
Yu et al., 2021 0 2 0 1 2 1 0
Gao, 2022 0 2 0 1 2 0 0
Yu et al., 2020 0 2 0 1 2 1 0
Sun et al., 2020 0 2 0 2 2 2 0
Wu et al., 2019 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
Li et al., 2022 2 2 0 2 2 2 1
Zhu et al., 2022 0 2 2 2 2 2 1
Duan et al., 2020 2 2 0 2 2 2 1
Dai et al., 2019 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Fu et al., 2018 2 2 0 1 2 2 1
Liu et al., 2020 2 2 2 2 0 2 1
Cerin et al., 2013 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
Lyu et al., 2022 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
Notes: (a) 2: “>60%”; 1: “41-60%”; 0: “<40% or not known”; (b) 2:“individual attributes”; 0: “not met or not known”; (c) 2: “Participants recruitment
stratified by environmental attributes”; 0: “not met or not known”; (d) 2: “validated questionnaire or clearly described objective measures”; 1: “self-
reported or not yet validated or established in the field”; 0: “not met or not known”; (e) 2: “validated questionnaire or clearly described objective
measures”; 1: “self-reported or not yet validated or established in the field”; 0: “not met or not known” (f) 2: “Analyses conducted and presented
correctly”; 1: “not yet validated or established in the field”; 0: “not met or not known”; (g) 2: “no weak ratings”; 1: “one weak rating”; 0: “two or more
weak ratings”.
Abbreviations: BE: Built environment; LTPA: Leisure-time physical activity.

LTPA patterns. Figure 4 illustrates the evidence of Focusing on the percentage of associations verified in
the association between urban BE characteristics and the articles with good and fair research quality, a potential
residents’ LTW levels across ten articles, while Figure 5 positive correlation (41.5%) emerged between desirable
depicts the proportion of significant associations elements of the urban BE and residents’ LTW, marked as
observed in these articles. When calculating the amount “(+).” Further, categorical analysis of desirability revealed
of evidence of a significant association between each that six articles with good and fair research quality agreed
urban BE characteristic category and residents’ LTW that esthetic perception exerted a significant positive effect
levels as a proportion of the total number of analyses on residents’ LTW levels (Cerin et al., 2013a; Fu et al., 2018;
for that association, none of the ten articles demonstrate Li & Zhao, 2022; Liu et al., 2020; Su et al., 2014; J. Yu et al.,
a statistically significant association. Specifically, the 2021). In addition, five of these six articles highlighted the
proportion of the included articles reporting significant important contribution of road safety to residents’ LTW
associations between urban BE characteristic categories levels (Cerin et al., 2013; Fu et al., 2018; Li & Zhao, 2022;
such as design, destination accessibility, and desirability, Liu et al., 2020; T. Yu et al., 2021).
and residents’ LTW, accounted for less than 40% of
the total evidence. Moreover, fewer than three articles 3.2.2. Association between urban built environment
examined the association between the remaining urban characteristics and residents’ other forms of leisure-
BE characteristic categories and residents’ LTW levels, time physical activity in addition to leisure-time walking
rendering clear conclusions difficult to draw. Therefore, In addition to LTW, examining other forms of LTPA
these were marked as N/A (not applicable) or 0 (insufficient (OLTPA) is also beneficial for understanding overall
evidence). physical activity levels. Figure 6 illustrates the evidence

Volume 6 Issue 2 (2024) 11 https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.2427