Page 39 - JCBP-2-3

Journal of Clinical and

Basic Psychosomatics

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Factors associated with depressive and anxiety

symptoms among anophthalmic patients
wearing ocular prostheses

Ke Xiong , Chenyu Zhang , Jing Wei , Junlong Guo , and Yongzhi Zhao *
1
1
3
3
2
1 Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
2 Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou,
Jiangsu, China
3 Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong,
China

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among
individuals with ocular prostheses and to identify factors associated with these
psychological symptoms. A sample of patients who underwent monocular
enucleation and socket implantation participated in the study, responding to
digital questionnaires covering demographics, psychosocial factors, and aspects
related to their ocular prostheses. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated
using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7
(GAD-7), respectively. Optimal scale regression analysis was employed to explore
*Corresponding author: factors linked to psychological symptoms in ocular prosthesis users. Results from
Yongzhi Zhao
(longman2023@126.com) 100 valid participants revealed a 51% prevalence of depressive symptoms and a 45%
prevalence of anxiety symptoms. The mean PHQ-9 score was 4.91 ± 1.98, and the
Citation: Xiong K, Zhang C, Wei J, mean GAD-7 score was 4.99 ± 2.15. Factors such as undergoing right eye enucleation,
Guo J, Zhao Y. Factors associated
with depressive and anxiety longer duration of ocular prosthesis use, comfort with prosthesis wearing, and
symptoms among anophthalmic greater satisfaction correlated with milder depressive symptoms. In terms of anxiety,
patients wearing ocular prostheses. those who used ocular prostheses due to trauma or tumors were affected by more
J Clin Basic Psychosom.
2024;2(3):1761. severe symptoms, while individuals who were comfortable with their prosthesis or
doi: 10.36922/jcbp.1761 using alumina-based prostheses reported fewer anxiety symptoms. In conclusion,
Received: September 5, 2023 ocular prosthesis users wrestle with significant challenges of depressive and
anxiety symptoms. Factors including age, household registration, economic status,
Accepted: December 26, 2023
enucleation side, cause of anophthalmos, prosthetic material, and satisfaction and
Published Online: April 23, 2024 duration of prosthesis use were associated with depressive or anxiety symptoms.
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s). Long-term comprehensive care targeting these vulnerable individuals is imperative
This is an Open-Access article to alleviate depression and anxiety.
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution
License, permitting distribution, Keywords: Anophthalmos; Ocular prosthetics; Depressive symptoms; Anxiety symptoms
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is
properly cited.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with 1. Introduction
regard to jurisdictional claims in 1
published maps and institutional The eye and periocular area play a crucial role in interpersonal communication. Ocular
affiliations. trauma, intraocular tumors, painful blindness, eyeball atrophy, or microphthalmia

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2024) 1 doi: 10.36922/jcbp.1761