Page 44 - JCBP-2-3

Journal of Clinical and
Basic Psychosomatics Emotions in anophthalmic patients

Table 2. Optimal scale regression statistical analysis results Table 2. (Continued)
of PHQ‑9 scale
β Quantification F P
β Quantification F P 2–5 years 0.765
Gender 0.078 1.860 0.177 >5 years 0.765
Male −0.961 Satisfaction of wearing −0.504 26.375 0.001
Female 1.041 prosthetic eyes
Age (years) −0.107 1.694 0.191 Uncomfortable −2.550
16–25 −1.435 General comfortable 0.014
26–55 0.325 Very comfortable 1.046
>55 3.203
Geographical area 0.122 2.600 0.111 of the population in China is right-eye dominant. The
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of residence dominant eye plays a more crucial role in daily life, making
Rural 0.750 the blindness in the right eye the cause of more physical
Urban −1.333 and psychological challenges.
Education status −0.050 0.245 0.622 As expected, we found that the time of wearing ocular
Junior high or below −0.905 prosthesis was a significant factor positively associated with
Senior high school 1.106 depressive symptoms. On the contrary, age was negatively
University or above 1.106 correlated with anxiety symptoms. In the first 6 months of
Marital status 0.083 1.831 0.180 initial ocular prosthesis wearing, patients often experience
severe depression due to adaptation challenges. Over time,
Married 1.200 however, patients’ negative emotions typically decrease,
Non-married −0.834 while acceptability and happiness increase. Furthermore,
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Economic status −0.169 3.114 0.031 as patients grow older or wear ocular prosthesis for a
Low −1.700 longer time, their knowledge and skills in dealing with
Middle 0.425 physical and psychological problems related to wearing
Upper middle 0.496 ocular prostheses tend to increase. 20,21
High 1.602 As for the reasons of ocular prosthesis wearing, patients
Enucleated eye 0.131 4.093 0.046 who used ocular prostheses due to trauma or other causes
Left −1.106 exhibited more severe anxiety symptoms than those due
Right 0.905 to tumors or congenital malformations. Trauma patients
may not only have ocular impairment but could also suffer
Cause of anophthalmos 0.059 1.194 0.318 from other physical disabilities at the same time. These
Congenital malformation −0.630 comorbid conditions could aggravate their depression as
Trauma 2.313 they need to spend more money and time on treatment.
Tumor −0.110 Such disabled conditions may also reduce their quality of
Others 1.032 life and generate psychological problems. 22,23
Materials of prosthetic eyes 0.072 2.422 0.055 Interestingly, we found that patients wearing ocular
Hydroxyapatite 0.427 prostheses made of alumina experienced milder anxiety
Medpor −1.872 and depressive symptoms. In contrast, patients not
Alumina −3.261 wearing prosthetic eyes reported the most severe anxiety
symptoms. The same result comes from a previous research
Autologous issue −2.333 by Song et al., which identified that higher satisfaction
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None 0.502 was observed in patients with implants than those without.
Time of wearing −2.16 3.802 0.027 Compared to other materials, alumina offers the benefits
prosthetic eyes of smoother surface, lower cost, and a lower tendency to
<6 m −1.556 extrude. Thus, patients may consider ocular prostheses
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6 months–1 year 0.517 made of alumina more acceptable and preferable to use.
1–2 years 0.517 Another finding was that patients’ satisfaction with
(Cont’d...) wearing ocular prostheses was significantly negatively

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2024) 6 doi: 10.36922/jcbp.1761