Page 70 - JCBP-3-2

Journal of Clinical and
Basic Psychosomatics Evaluation of biopsychosocial factors

Table 2. Depression and anxiety related to autonomy status, Table 5. Association between depression and mortality, and
with a maximum score of 21 points on the hospital anxiety anxiety and mortality, with statistical significance
and depression scale
Group Mean SD Mann–Whitney
Variable Self‑sufficient Dependent Significance (significance level)
Depression 9.8±4.6 12.9±4.5 *P=0.001 Depression (alive) 10.3 4.5 *P=0.02
Anxiety 10.3±4.5 11.9±4.0 P=0.125 Depression (dead) 12.7 5.3
Notes: Confidence level was set at 95%. Results are presented as Anxiety (alive) 10.3 4.3 *P=0.037
means±standard deviations. *denotes statistical significance (P<0.05). Anxiety (dead) 12.2 4.3
Note: *Denotes statistical significance (P<0.05).
Table 3. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the Abbreviation: SD: Standard deviation.
subdimensions of the Brief Pain Inventory and the Hospital
Anxiety and Depression scale
Correlation Anxiety Depression
PAIN 0.348 0.299
REM 0.493 0.553
WAW 0.488 0.489
Interference 0.500 0.533
Notes: The statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence level.
REM represents the affective subdimension and WAW represents the
activity subdimension.
Abbreviations: REM: Relationship, Enjoyment of life, and mood;
WAW: Walking, activity (general), and work.

Table 4. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for the
subdimensions of the brief pain inventory
Correlation REM WAW Interference
PAIN 0.533 0.554 0.554
REM / 0.923 0.982
WAW / / 0.980
Notes: The statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence level.
REM represents the affective subdimension, and WAW represents the
activity subdimension.
Abbreviations: REM: Relationship, Enjoyment of life, and mood;
WAW: Walking, activity (general), and work.
Figure 5. Evaluation of depression scores on the Hospital Anxiety and
Depression Scale, comparing values between the living population and
The results revealed that a lack of self-sufficiency is a key patients who died in the 1 year.
st
factor in increasing the risk of depression. Social support Note: Data are expressed as median and interquartile range.
for these patients must not be overlooked, and healthcare
providers should adopt a proactive approach involving in mitigating psychological distress. Consequently, it
social services. Marital status is an important aspect of the is essential to identify factors that may be directly or
patient’s social assessment; however, the small number of indirectly linked to anxiety and depression. In addition,
unmarried individuals in the sample makes it difficult to research suggests that these psychological factors can
interpret these findings. Therefore, further investigation influence pain perception, the progression of oncological
into the impact of loneliness on depression risk is crucial disease, and, ultimately, mortality.
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when conducting personal and social evaluations of This study examined the mortality index within
patients. In addition, to avoid potential bias, it is essential the 1 year following the initial visit to the Pain Clinic.
st
not only to record marital status but also to assess the The 1 -year mortality rate in the sample of 120 cancer
st
existence and quality of the caregiver within the family. patients was 24.8%. Among the deceased patients, a
Some studies have emphasized the importance of strong statistically significant association was found between both
social support and the preservation of individual autonomy depression and mortality (P = 0.02; Table 5 and Figure 5)

Volume 3 Issue 2 (2025) 64 doi: 10.36922/jcbp.4097