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Shegena et al. | Journal of Clinical and Translational Research 2024; 10(3): 191-200 197
Table 4. Factors associated with DTPs among hospitalized HF patients at the MRRH
Variable No DTP, n (%) DTP, n (%) COR (95%CI) P COR AOR (95% CI) P AOR
Age* (years)
≤18 16 (61.5) 10 (38.5) 1 - 1 -
19 – 59 34 (70.8) 14 (29.2) 0.66 (0.24 – 1.81) 0.416 0.39 (0.12 – 1.2) 0.099
≥60 11 (25) 33 (75) 4.8 (2.1 – 10.6) 0.003 # 4.1 (1.5 – 10.3) 0.012 #
Gender*
Male 28 (60.8) 18 (39.2) 1 - 1 -
Female 33 (45.8) 39 (54.2) 0.54 (0.26 – 1.16) 0.113 2.09 (0.86 – 5.06) 0.102
Education
No formal education 23 (43.4) 30 (56.6) 1.3 (0.37 – 4.57) 0.678 N/A N/A
Primary 32 (60.3) 21 (39.7) 0.65 (0.18 – 2.31) 0.512 N/A N/A
Secondary and above 6 (50) 6 (50) 1 - 1 -
Occupation*
Unemployed 21 (50) 21 (50) 4.0 (0.41 – 12.8) 0.232 2.73 (0.17 – 20.81) 0.477
Self-employed 36 (50.7) 35 (49.3) 3.88 (0.41 – 13.1) 0.235 1.23 (0.10 – 15.47) 0.869
Formally employed 4 (80) 1 (20) 1 - 1 -
Disease status
New 28 (50) 28 (50) 1 - 1 -
Known 33 (53.2) 29 (46.8) 0.88 (0.43 – 1.8) 0.726 N/A N/A
Previous hospital admission*
Yes 44 (56.4) 34 (43.6) 1.75 (0.81 – 3.77) 0.154 0.44 (0.17 – 1.15) 0.093
No 17 (42.5) 23 (57.5) 1 - 1 -
Length of hospital stay* (days)
≤5 20 (74.1) 7 (25.9) 1 - 1 -
6 – 10 28 (47.4) 31 (52.6) 3.2 (1.2 – 8.6) 0.024 # 1.82 (0.54 – 6.09) 0.332
≥11 13 (40.6) 19 (59.4) 4.1 (1.4 – 10.7) 0.012 # 2.21 (0.59 –8.34) 0.238
Counseling
Yes 55 (51.4) 52 (48.6) 1 - 1 -
No 6 (54.5) 5 (45.5) 1.13 (0.33 – 3.9) 0.843 N/A N/A
Comorbidity*
Yes 45 (48.3) 48 (51.7) 1.89 (0.76 – 4.72) 0.16 2.52 (0.86 – 5.06) 0.094
No 16 (64) 9 (36) 1 - 1 -
OTC medication use within the past 4 weeks
Yes 21 (50) 21 (50) 1.11 (0.52 – 2.36) 0.784 N/A N/A
No 40 (52.6) 36 (47.4) 1 - 1 -
Herbal use within the past 4 weeks*
Yes 22 (42.3) 30 (57.7) 1.97 (0.94 – 3.11) 0.071 1.52 (0.64 – 3.64) 0.344
No 39 (59.1) 27 (40.9) 1 - 1 -
Alcohol use history
Yes 18 (54.5) 15 (45.5) 0.85 (0.38 – 1.9) 0.70 N/A N/A
No 43 (50.6) 42 (49.4) 1 - 1 -
Poly-pharmacy*
Yes 35 (46.6) 40 (53.4) 1.75 (0.82 – 3.51) 0.151 2.92 (1.5 – 7.6) 0.029 #
No 26 (60.5) 17 (39.5) 1 - 1 -
Drug–drug interaction
Yes 39 (49.4) 40 (50.6) 1.32 (0.62 – 2.8) 0.472 N/A N/A
No 22 (56.4) 17 (43.6) 1 - - -
#
Note: *Denotes variables with p COR <0.25, selected for further AOR analysis; p COR/AOR <0.05; N/A denotes AOR (and p AOR ) not determined for the respective variable. Abbreviations:
COR: Crude odds ratio; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio: CI: Confidence interval: OTC: Over-the-counter; HF: Heart failure; MRRH: Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital; DTPs: Drug therapy
problems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36922/jctr.23.00137