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304                       Ali et al. | Journal of Clinical and Translational Research 2023; 9(4): 297-307
        psychiatric  diagnosis  among  hospitalized  IBD  patients  was   Benchimol EI, et al. Worldwide Incidence and Prevalence
        depression,  which  was  followed  by  bipolar  disorder,  ADHD,   of  Inflammatory  Bowel  Disease  in  the  21   Century:
                                                                                                            st
        GAD,  PTSD,  schizophrenia,  schizoaffective  disorder,  chronic   A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies. Lancet
        fatigue,  and  somatization.  Depression,  GAD,  bipolar  disorder,   2017;390:2769-78.
        PTSD,  and  chronic  fatigue  were  more  commonly  associated   [3]   Flasar M, Mulani PM, Yang M, Chao J, Lu M, Cross R.
        with females compared to males. Whites had the highest rate of   Racial Differences in Use of Biologics for Crohn’s Disease
        IBD hospitalizations, followed by Blacks and Hispanics. GAD,   in a Medicaid Population. Gut 2011;60:A138.
        depression,  bipolar  disorder,  PTSD,  and  ADHD  were  more   [4]   Tandon  P,  Chhibba  T,  Natt  N,  Brar  GS,  Malhi  G,
        commonly associated with Whites compared to Blacks, Hispanics,   Nguyen GC. Significant Racial and Ethnic Disparities Exist
        and  Asian/Native  Americans.  However,  schizophrenia  and   in Health Care Utilization in Inflammatory Bowel Disease:
        schizoaffective disorder were less likely to be seen in Whites than   A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel
        in Blacks and Hispanics. Our findings highlight the importance of   Dis 2023;izad045. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izad045
        recognizing these racial and gender-based disparities and trends   [5]   Lungaro  L,  Costanzini  A,  Manza  F,  Barbalinardo  M,
        among IBD patients. Effective screening and treatment protocols   Gentili D, Guarino M, et al. Impact of Female Gender in
        for psychiatric comorbidities in IBD patients may aid in their early   Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Narrative Review. J Pers
        recognition and management. It will also increase IBD treatment   Med 2023;13:165.
        compliance,  which  will  help  in  achieving  sustained  remission.
        The quality of life for IBD patients will be improved and valuable   [6]   Liu JJ, Abraham BP, Adamson P, Barnes EL, Brister KA,
        healthcare resources will be saved.                           Damas OM, et al. The Current State of Care for Black and
                                                                      Hispanic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Inflamm
        Acknowledgments                                               Bowel Dis 2023;29:297-307.
                                                                [7]   Mental Illness. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH);
          We would like to thank the NIS for providing a free public   2023.  Available  from:  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/
        database. Thanks to the editors and reviewers for their insightful   statistics/mental-illness [Last accessed on 2022 Dec 23].
        critique of the manuscript.
                                                                [8]   Tarar  ZI,  Zafar  MU,  Farooq  U,  Ghous  G,  Aslam  A,
        Funding                                                       Inayat F, et al. Burden of Depression and Anxiety Among
                                                                      Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results of a
          The authors report that no external funding was used for this   Nationwide Analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022;37:313-21.
        work.
                                                                [9]   Barberio B, Zamani M, Black CJ, Savarino EV, Ford AC.
        Conflicts of Interest                                         Prevalence  of  Symptoms  of Anxiety  and  Depression  in
                                                                      Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic
          There are no conflicts of interest associated with the publication   Review and Meta-Analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol
        of this manuscript.                                           2021;6:359-70.

        Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate              [10]  Hu S, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang C. Depression and Anxiety
                                                                      Disorders in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
          The  data  of  patients  was  not  acquired  from  any  specific   Front Psychiatry 2021;12:714057.
        institution  but  rather  open-access  United  States  National   [11]  Bernstein  CN,  Hitchon  CA,  Walld  R,  Bolton  JM,
        Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. The NIS contains de-identified   Lix LM, El-Gabalawy R, et al. The Impact of Psychiatric
        information, protecting the  privacy of patients, physicians, and   Comorbidity on Health Care Utilization in Inflammatory
        hospitals. Therefore,  ethics  approval  and  consent  to  participate   Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study. Inflamm Bowel
        were deemed exempt for this study.                            Dis 2021;27:1462-74.
        Consent for Publication                                 [12]  Kim  S,  Lee  S,  Han  K,  Koh  SJ,  Im  JP,  Kim  JS,  et al.
                                                                      Depression  and  Anxiety  are  Associated  with  Poor
          Participants  were  not  required  to  give  informed  consent   Outcomes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease:
        for  publication  of  this  study  since  the  analysis  of  baseline   A  Nationwide  Population-Based  Cohort  Study  in
        characteristics used anonymized clinical data.                South Korea. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023;81:68-75.
        References                                              [13]  Umar N, King D, Chandan JS, Bhala N, Nirantharakumar K,
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