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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing High-performance materials in AM

no standards regarding raw materials for many of AM’s (iv) The AM technology sector has been the focus of
new applications, such as building houses, to meet the international associations since 2002, and a series
requirements of these applications [123] . of standards have been released, which have been
enriched and improved since 2008 due to the rapid
6. Conclusions and future development development of the AM technology. However, as AM
This paper introduces the seven major AM methods technology becomes a more prevailing technique,
and their respective working principles, the types of raw the issue of standards for raw materials for specific
materials that are compatible with the different technologies, industries needs to be addressed and this will be a key
and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. issue in future.
This is followed by a description of the emerging materials In the future, the deeper integration of AM technology
used in AM technology, namely, PEEK, polyimide and with more materials will continue to accelerate, and the
HEAs, and the development of and adaptation to AM application of the technology will continue to expand towards
technology involving these composites. Finally, we present more complex and refined directions. For example, by
the international standards in the field of AM, focusing on combining it with machine learning, it will greatly accelerate
their requirements for raw materials used in AM technology the optimization of the generation of different structures for
and categorizing them by time and geography. different metals with different process parameters under the
The summary and outlook for the above are as follows: PBF technique [124,125] . A variety of models, including decision
(i) The AM technology can be divided into several trees, have been demonstrated to learn and predict the
subcategories driven by different processing principles. performance of products printed with PBF technology [126] .
These technologies are mainly applicable to the We also look forward to the good news in this area. In
manufacture of polymers as well as metallic materials and other areas, electronic additive manufacturing is also an
have emerged to correspond to application scenarios and emerging research direction. This direction, which requires
targeted machining of component features. It is worth higher printing accuracy, has also been shown to be realized
noting that while popular technologies such as DED and using MJT technology [127-129] . It is believed that as the AM
PBF are attractive options among the researchers and technology starts to influence more application scenarios, the
industries in recent years, the sub-technologies still possess incentives of interdisciplinary integration will speed up the
the potential and value in their respective application areas entry of this processing tool into a virtuous cycle to benefit
and neither one of them will be phased out. different application aspects in a more effective manner.
(ii) PEEK is a popular, new material for use with AM
technology and has exceptional performance. The Acknowledgments
disadvantages that it exhibits with conventional The authors acknowledge the support of National University
processing methods are no longer present in AM of Singapore for providing the research resources.
technology. Research into PEEK and its composites
is ongoing, and there is still much to be explored in Funding
this regard. Similarly, the integration of polyimide The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support
materials (including the composites in which they from Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research
constitute) with AM technology has also passed the Fund Tier 1 (Award No.: 22-3721-A0001).
feasibility stage. In the next few years, research on
employing these two materials in printing will move Conflict of interest
towards increasing precision, controlling defect,
allowing full control of the AM process, and thus The authors declared no potential conflict of interest with
further improving the print quality. respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of
(iii) HEAs are currently a type of popular material this article.
for researchers to experiment with until the next Author contributions
revolutionary alloy is introduced in the future. Since
they are metallic in nature, HEAs possess several Conceptualization: Swee Leong Sing
advantages in combination with AM technology. The Project administration: Swee Leong Sing
concepts of in situ alloying and in situ strengthening Resources: Swee Leong Sing
adopted in the field of AM technology confer this class Supervision: Swee Leong Sing
of alloys even more possibilities, and it is expected that Visualization: Yanting Liu
more harmonious integration of these two fields will Writing–original draft: Yanting Liu
happen in the future. Writing–review and editing: Swee Leong Sing, Yanting Liu

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023) 12 https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.1587