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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Cast and 3D-printed fiber orientations

thermoconductivity or directional electrical-conductivity, multiple crack spacing of discontinuous random fiber-
can be realized by designing the printing parameters to reinforced brittle matrix composites. J Am Ceram Soc,
control fiber orientation. 75: 3487–3489.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04457.x
Acknowledgments
3. Kanda T, Li VC, 1998, Interface property and apparent
None. strength of high-strength hydrophilic fiber in cement
matrix. J Mater Civ Eng, 10: 5–13.
Funding
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1998)10:1(5)
The authors would like to acknowledge the Hong Kong 4. Kaufmann J, Frech K, Schuetz P, et al., 2013, Rebound and
Polytechnic University (P0044561), the National Research orientation of fibers in wet sprayed concrete applications.
Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore, under its Constr Build Mater, 49: 15–22.
Medium-Sized Centre funding scheme, CES_SDC Pte Ltd,
and Chip Eng Seng Corporation Ltd. for their funding and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.051
support in this research project. 5. Segura-Castillo L, Cavalaro SH, Goodier C, et al., 2018, Fibre
distribution and tensile response anisotropy in sprayed fibre
Conflict of interest reinforced concrete. Mater Struct, 51: 29.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1156-5
6. Shao Y, Qiu J, Shah SP, 2001, Microstructure of extruded
Author contributions cement-bonded fiberboard. Cem Concr Res, 31: 1153–1161.

Conceptualization: Mingyang Li and Yiwei Weng https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00535-X
Data curation: Mingyang Li and Yiwei Weng 7. Stähli P, Custer R, van Mier JG, 2008, On flow properties,
Formal analysis: Mingyang Li and Yiwei Weng fibre distribution, fibre orientation and flexural behaviour of
Funding acquisition: Teck Neng Wong and Ming Jen Tan FRC. Mater Struct, 41: 189–196.
Investigation: Mingyang Li, Yiwei Weng, and Dong Zhang https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9229-x
Methodology: Mingyang Li, Yiwei Weng, and Dong Zhang
Supervision: Yiwei Weng 8. Peled A, Shah SP, 2003, Processing effects in cementitious
Validation: Mingyang Li and Yiwei Weng composites: Extrusion and casting. J Mater Civ Eng,
Writing – original draft: Mingyang Li and Yiwei Weng 15: 192–199.
Writing – review & editing: Mingyang Li, Yiwei Weng, Teck https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:2(192)
Neng Wong, and Ming Jen Tan 9. Lu C, Leung CK, 2017, Theoretical evaluation of fiber
orientation and its effects on mechanical properties in
Ethics approval and consent to participate engineered cementitious composites (ECC) with various
Not applicable. thicknesses. Cem Concr Res, 95: 240–246.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.024
Consent for publication
10. Hambach M, Volkmer D, 2017, Properties of 3D-printed
Not applicable. fiber-reinforced Portland cement paste. Cem Concr Compos,
79: 62–70.
Availability of data
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.02.001
Some or all data, models, or codes that support the findings 11. Figueiredo SC, Rodriguez CR, Ahmed ZY, et al., 2020,
of this study are available from the corresponding author Mechanical behavior of printed strain hardening
on reasonable request. cementitious composites. Materials (Basel), 13: 2253.
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