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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing                       Functional graded and hybrid TPMS lattices




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                         C                                   D
















            Figure 7. Compressive response of hybrid triply periodic minimal surfaces lattices under a load rate of 2 mm/min: (A) Gyroid-primitive A30, (B) gyroid-
            primitive A40, (C) primitive-gyroid A30, and (D) primitive-gyroid A40.

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                         B











                    Figure 8. Deformation of hybrid lattices under compressive tests: (A) Primitive-gyroid lattice, and (B) gyroid-primitive lattice.

            core of the structure to enlarge the ductility can improve   both types of hybrid lattices can be increased with the base
            the effectiveness of TPMS lattices.                material that has a higher shore hardness.
              Regarding the influence brought by the base material,   Figure  8 illustrates the deformation history of both
            compared with A30 samples are shown in Figure 7A and C,   types of A30 hybrid lattices under compressive tests. Due
            A40 samples (as shown in Figure 7B and D) have a more   to the similar compressive behavior shared by both A30
            smooth transition between stage 1 and stage 2. In addition,   and A40  samples, only the deformation history of the
            the A40 can significantly increase the duration of stage   A30 samples is illustrated here. As shown in Figure 8A,
            2 for both types of hybrid lattices, leading to a shorter   the primitive-gyroid lattices exhibit a transverse expansion
            densification stage. As a result, the energy absorption for   during compression, indicating positive Poisson’s ratio. As


            Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023)                         8                       https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.1753
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