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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Bioactive hydrogels for 3D bioprinting

Figure 9. Scaffold appearance after 3D printing at near-optimal ink temperature and extrusion pressure for hydrogels with various BBG content.
Abbreviation: BBG: Bioactive borate glass.

Figure 10. Shape fidelity of 3D-printed scaffolds at different temperatures for hydrogels with different BBG contents. H-BBG15 and H-BBG20 showed
significant improvement in shape fidelity compared to the plain hydrogel (H-BBG0).
Abbreviation: H-BBG: Hydrogel-bioactive borate glass.

Figure 11. According to Table 1 and Figure 11, the highest rather than extrusion; however, for materials with a
shape fidelity falls within the range of 4.5 – 6.5 Pa·s, which viscosity greater than 30 Pa·s, a large pressure is required to
exhibits the highest printability (most favorable printing extrude the hydrogel out of a nozzle. Suitable biomaterial
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conditions) for all gelatin-alginate hydrogel biomaterial inks and bioinks for extrusion-based 3D printing should
inks incorporated with BBG. possess both smooth flow and shape retention properties.
As reported by He et al., in general, materials with a Consistent with this research result, our findings suggested
viscosity lower than 0.3 Pa·s are more suitable for spreading that there is a range of viscosity in that biomaterial inks and

Volume 3 Issue 1 (2024) 12 https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.2845