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First, the meticulous design of 3D bioprinting bioinks has miniature organoid models into tissue engineering
significant regulatory effects on stem cell behaviors and scaffolds, making them highly suitable for promoting tissue
intercellular interactions. Specifically, the incorporation regeneration. The functional effects of organoids and their
of bioactive components, such as inorganic bioactive regulation of the microenvironment differ from traditional
materials, in bioinks holds promise for enhancing organoid multicells constructs, which warrants further exploration.
development. Moreover, various printing parameters, In this review, we have focused on summarizing the
including needle selection and printing pressure, are crucial application of 3D bioprinting in the development and
for developing organoids with ideal structure and function. functionalization of organoids. However, the primary
Furthermore, optimized 3D printing devices are not only focus has been on current research progress, without
useful for organoid development but also for assembling a comprehensive overview of the design concepts and
and applying organoids by manipulating their behaviors. requirements for different 3D bioprinting equipment. Future
The development and application of organoids, reviews can address the role of different 3D bioprinting
combined with 3D bioprinting, have seen significant technologies in organoid development and application.
advancements, demonstrating immense potential for In conclusion, combining 3D bioprinting with the
various applications. The following strategies are proposed development and application of organoids is a highly
for the future development of organoid 3D bioprinting: effective and promising strategy. Future research can
(i) In the development of stem cell-derived organoids, focus on developing appropriate 3D bioprinting strategies
the adjustability of 3D bioprinting can be used to to further promote the development and application of
regulate stem cell behaviors and create ideal physiological organoids.
microenvironments for cells, including structural and
mechanical cues; (ii) To enhance the application of 3D Acknowledgment
bioprinted organoids as in vitro models, the 3D bioprinting None.
process must be further standardized and systematized,
ensuring not only the accurate simulation of organoid Funding
structures during production but also the maintenance of
inter-batch stability of organoids; (iii) The design of bioinks This work was supported by the National Key Research and
can be further optimized by incorporating key factors that Development Program of China (2023YFB3810200), the
promote organoid development. For example, bioactive National Natural Science Foundation of China (32225028
ions released by silicate biomaterials are expected to serve and 32130062), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
as effective additives, promoting the printing of organoids Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR073),
and the production of large organ models; (iv) The Joint Research Unit Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences
integration of 3D bioprinting with other technologies (121631ZYLH20240014), the Jiangsu Province Basic
Research Key Program (BK20243003), the State Key Lab
should be the primary strategy to promote the application Director Fund (522022000195), and the Shanghai Talent
of organoids. For instance, organoid development Scholar Program.
that requires flow shear forces can benefit from the
combination of 3D bioprinting and perfusable devices, Conflict of interest
which effectively maintain the structure and function of
organoids. Moreover, the addition of perfusable systems Yin Xiao and Chengtie Wu are members of the Editorial
99
is essential for drug screening in organoids; (v) Organs Board of this journal but were not involved in the editorial
in the human body do not function independently, and and peer-review process conducted for this paper, either
there is interference between multiple organs. 100,101 The use directly or indirectly. Separately, the other authors declare
of 3D bioprinting technology is expected to facilitate the that they have no known competing financial interests or
design of integrated platforms for multiple organ types, personal relationships that could have influenced the work
which can serve as a platform for studying communication reported in this paper.
between organs. Furthermore, 3D bioprinting may enable Author contributions
the interconnection of multiple types of organs, providing
an effective solution for studying tissue-tissue interfaces; Conceptualization: Hongxu Lu, Chengtie Wu
(vi) At present, most organoids developed are primarily Writing-original draft: Wenping Ma
used for disease modeling and drug screening, whereas Writing-review & editing: Hongxu Lu, Yin Xiao, Chengtie
3D bioprinting has seen widespread application in tissue Wu
regeneration research. Therefore, combining organoids
with 3D bioprinting can further advance their application Ethics approval and consent to participate
in tissue regeneration. 3D bioprinting can transform Not applicable.

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2025) 15 doi: 10.36922/OR025040004