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Table 1. (Continued)
Organoid model Role of 3D bioprinting Regulation of printing Application prospects References
parameters
Expanding embedded 3D bioprinting; Self-assembly and Disease research and tissue 61,62
high-resolution 3D printing; optimizing manipulation of organoids regeneration
the structure and function of organoids
Bone-related Digital light processing bioprinting; Bioink regulation Tissue regeneration 50
organoids optimizing structure and function of
organoids and constructing large-scale
organ models
Digital light processing bioprinting; Regulation of bioink and Tissue regeneration 51
optimizing the structure and function printed cells
of organoids; achieving high-
throughput cultivation of organoids
Tumor organoids Temperature-controlled extrusion 3D Regulation of bioink and Tumor treatment and studying 53
bioprinting; optimizing the structure and printed cells tumor pathology
function of organoids; creating suitable
physiological microenvironments
Embedded 3D bioprinting; 3D Regulation of bioinks, printed Development of anti-tumor drugs 54,68,69
extrusion bioprinting; optimizing cells, and structure
structure and function of organoids;
creating suitable physiological
microenvironments; achieving high-
throughput cultivation
Magnetized 3D printing; 3D extrusion Regulation of bioink; organoid Anti-tumor drug screening 55,71
bioprinting; achieving high- manipulation
throughput cultivation of organoids
Acoustic bioprinting; creating suitable Improvement of printing Analyzing the spread and invasion 86
physiological microenvironments for device of tumors; drug screening
organoids

serotonin levels in intestinal organoids exposed to different actual needs. 93,94 Therefore, 3D bioprinting can be used to
food components, providing a high-throughput platform for prepare impeccable models and address the limitations
rapid screening of food intolerance. 89 faced by organoid development. In this review, we have
summarized the role and advantages of 3D bioprinting
6. Conclusion and prospectives in organoid development and application (Table 1).

The development of organoids has received significant Overall, 3D bioprinting aids in optimizing the structure
research attention due to their authenticity and complexity and function of organoids, creating suitable physiological
in simulating tissue structure and function, as well as their microenvironments, enabling high-throughput cultivation,
ability to display cell-cell interactions and cell-matrix and advancing large-scale organ models. Particularly,
interactions. 90-92 However, several challenges remain in the when combined with new 3D bioprinting approaches, the
development of organoids. The structure and function of development and application of organoids can be further
real tissues or organs are complex and closely intertwined. enhanced. For example, hybrid 3D bioprinting, which
As such, the structure and function of organoids must be combines suction and magnetic-assisted bioprinting,
further optimized to better match corresponding tissues can accurately manipulate the position and behavior of
or organs. In addition, current organoid research lacks organoids, offering strategies for precise localization of
adequate interaction with other cells, and the development organoids within manufactured structures. In addition,
of organoids is not yet regulated by local microenvironments incorporating microelectronic devices in 3D bioprinting
– such as vascular networks, neural structures, and allows for monitoring the dynamic changes and secretion
immune cells – which significantly differ from real tissue of organoids. Furthermore, research has shown that 3D
development. Finally, considerable variability between bioprinting based on suspension baths can effectively create
batches of organoids limits their broader application. engineered vascular structures, providing an effective
Three-dimensional bioprinting technology can precisely strategy for further functionalization of organoids. 95
place cells within a specific microenvironment and create In addition, optimizing the parameters or equipment of
constructs of appropriate structures and sizes based on 3D bioprinting also contributes to organoid development. 96-98

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2025) 14 doi: 10.36922/OR025040004