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Tumor Discovery A bioinformatics analysis of PD-1 in cancers

significantly higher than that in normal tissues, and it was https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxm057
closely related to the TNM stage and lymph node metastasis 2. Pedoeem A, Azoulay-Alfaguter I, Strazza M, et al., 2014,
of patients. The survival time of PD-1-negative group was Programmed death-1 pathway in cancer and autoimmunity.
significantly higher than positive group, indicating that the Clin Immunol, 153(1): 145–152.
increased expression of PD-1 in NSCLC tissues is associated https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2014.04.010
[33]
with a high degree of malignancy and a poor prognosis .
According to KM-plotter, we found that a higher PD-1 3. Mamalis A, Garcha M, Jagdeo J, 2014, Targeting the PD-1
expression was negatively associated with OS rate of pathway: A promising future for the treatment of melanoma.
individuals with the following attributes: Stage I/II cancer, Arch Dermatol Res, 306(6): 511–519.
female, received chemotherapy, smoking, and negative https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-014-1457-7
surgical margin in lung cancer. Stage N1, female, smoking, or 4. Eto S, Yoshikawa K, Nishi M, et al., 2016, Programmed cell
non-smoking patients with higher PD-1 expression had a low death protein 1 expression is an independent prognostic
PPS rate. PD-1 expression was upregulated in nasopharyngeal factor in gastric cancer after curative resection. Gastric
carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues. In the Cancer, 19(2): 466–471.
previous studies, real-time quantitative polymerase chain https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-015-0519-7
reaction results were consistent with the gene expression
data in the database, and the test also revealed that high 5. Choi C, Yoo GS, Cho WK, et al., 2019, Optimizing radiotherapy
expression of PD-1 was associated with TNM staging [34,35] . with immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular
It has been confirmed that monoclonal antibodies which carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol, 25(20): 2416–2429.
block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway achieve significant results in https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i20.2416
the treatment of malignant melanoma, lung cancer, bladder 6. Greenwald RJ, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH, 2005, The B7 family
cancer, gastric cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, breast cancer, revisited. Ann Rev Immunol, 23(1): 515–548.
and other malignancies [36-40] .
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611
In conclusion, our bioinformatics analysis presents 7. Tumeh PC, Harview CL, Yearley JH, et al., 2014, PD-1
the expression of PD-1 in gastric cancer, breast cancer, blockade induces responses by inhibiting adaptive immune
lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and liver cancer, and its resistance. Nature, 515(7528): 568–571.
relationship with clinicopathological characteristics based
on KM-plotter databases. These results corroborate the https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13954
role of PD-1 in different cancers and may inspire further 8. Xu C, Hua HJ, Chen TY, et al., 2016, Progression of PD-1/
investigations that explore PD-1-targeting agents for the PD-L1 pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Chin J Pathol,
treatment of different cancers. 45(9): 663–666.
9. Kang MJ, Kim KM, Bae JS, et al., 2013, Tumor-infiltrating
Funding PD1-positive lymphocytes and foxp3-positive regulatory T
The authors received no financial support for the research, cells predict distant metastatic relapse and survival of clear
authorship, and/or publication of this article. cell renal cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol, 6(3): 282–289.
https://doi.org/10.1593/tlo.13256
Conflict of interest
10. Raptopoulou AP, Bertsias G, Makrygiannakis D, et al.,
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with 2014, The programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1
respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of inhibitory pathway is up-regulated in rheumatoid synovium
this article. and regulates peripheral T cell responses in human and
murine arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol, 62(7): 1870–1880.
Author contributions https://doi.org/10.1002/art.27500

Conceptualization: Shuai Shi, Hong-Yan Ma 11. Hou JY, Xiang NY, Chen SF, et al., 2015, Expression of
Data curation: Zhi-Gang Zhang, Guan-Ying Ma Foxp3 +Tregs and PD1 in gastric cancer tissues and their
correlation with clinicopathological factors and prognosis.
Writing - original draft: Shuai Shi, Hong-Yan Ma Chin. J. Pathophysiol., 10: 1744–1749.
Writing - review and editing: Shuai Shi, Hong-Yan Ma 12. Zhao WJ, Tan YL, Jia L, 2015, Expression of PD-1 in breast
cancer and its clinical significance. Health, 2015(2): 37–37.
References
13. Thompson RH, Dong H, Lohse CM, et al., 2007, PD-1
1. Okazaki T, Honjo T, 2007, PD-1 and PD-1 ligands: From is expressed by tumor-infiltrating immune cells and is
discovery to clinical application. Int Immunol, 19(7): 813–824. associated with poor outcome for patients with renal cell

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