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Tumor Discovery BAK1 as a novel prognostic biomarker

found to be more sensitive to BAK1 expression in patients. expression had a considerably poorer overall survival
Patients with reduced BAK1 expression are more sensitive rate than patients with low BAK1 expression. According
to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), erlotinib, temsirolimus, to univariate and multivariate independent prognostic
vorinostat, and other drugs. analyses, BAK1 is associated with prognosis and can be
independent of other factors. These findings show that
4. Discussion BAK1 could become one of the diagnostic indicators

One of the most prevalent primary malignant tumors for HCC prognosis. We also constructed a nomogram
worldwide is HCC. HCC is often diagnosed at an advanced containing risk classes and clinical characteristics to
stage in the majority of patients due to the disease’s gradual predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival in LIHC patients,
onset; the early diagnosis of HCC poses a challenge. thus making practical application easier. Assuming a
Certain physiological activities can alter the changes to patient’s comprehensive score is 394, the 1-year survival
its indicators due to the poor sensitivity and specificity of rate is 0.941, the 3-year survival rate is 0.882, and the
early screening, such as serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) . 5-year survival rate is 0.839, indicating that it has good
[13]
Therefore, identifying molecular biomarkers that fully prediction ability. The ROC curve was used to assess the
reflect the biological characteristics of liver cancer is a diagnostic value of BAK1 in LIHC, and the area under
critical link in the early diagnosis and treatment of patients the ROC curve was 0.694, 0.582, and 0.611 at 1, 3, and
with liver cancer [14,15] . Previous research has looked at the 5 years, respectively. According to the findings, the BAK1
[16]
role of pyroptosis-related genes in anti-tumor activity ; gene may be a good potential LIHC diagnostic marker.
thus, we set out to investigate the role of pyroptosis- Furthermore, we discovered a link between clinical phase
related genes in the prognosis of patients with liver cancer. features and BAK1 expression. The findings revealed that
By examining the predictive value of PRG in 115 HCC BAK1 expression differed significantly by gender, tumor
patients in the HCC cohort (GSE76427), we discovered grade, tumor stage, and T stage, with BAK1 being more
that GSDME, CHMP4B, CHMP3, BAK1, and NOD2 are evident in female patients. BAK1 expression increased
all high-risk genes, which are closely associated with the with tumor grade in females, and there were significant
prognosis of patients. We chose BAK1 as the target gene statistical differences between the other groups except for
for this investigation due to the lack of prior research the expression between G3 and G4. There were statistically
on the prognosis and immunity of BAK1 expression in significant variations in BAK1 expression between Stage 1
liver cancer. The BAK1 (BCL2-antagonist/killer1) gene is and Stage 2, as well as Stage 1 and Stage 3. In addition, there
found on the outer mitochondrial model and belongs to was a statistically significant difference in BAK1 expression
the B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (BCL2) gene family [17,18] . among T1, T2, and T3. According to coexpression study,
The previous research has found BAK1 to be a prognostic BAK1 was found to be positively regulated by SMARCD1,
biomarker in women with lung adenocarcinoma as well MFSD10, RCC2, CDK16, PKM, and MACROH2A1, but
[19]
as a prognostic marker in individuals with colon cancer . negatively regulated by GLYATL1, ALDH2, CDO1, DCXR,
[20]
It reduces apoptosis and enhances cisplatin resistance in and SLC27A5. The finding of these genes may bring new
non-small cell lung cancer when combined with cancer- ideas for multi-biomarker diagnosis in the future.
associated fibroblast (CAF)-derived exosomal miR- The differential study of immune cells showed that the
103a-3p . It has also been shown that BAK1 is a tumor difference between dendritic cells activated in groups with
[21]
suppressor gene that regulates cell cycle through microRNA high and low BAK1 expression was statistically significant
in patients with endometrial cancer . However, there are and exhibited a positive regulatory interaction with
[22]
several studies that have linked BAK1 to HCC diagnosis BAK1. The immune checkpoint-related gene HAVCR2 is
and prognosis. upregulated, while IDO2 and BAK1 are downregulated.
The expression of BAK1 in pan-cancer was investigated The finding of these immune checkpoint-related genes
using the TIMER database. The expression of BAK1 was may provide specific ideas and directions for the later
shown to be highly upregulated in 11 cancer types (i.e., use of BAK1 in liver cancer immunological research.
BLCA, BRCA, CHOL, ESCA, GBM, HNSC, LIHC, LUAD, Subsequently, we identified drugs that showed substantial
LUSC, STAD, and UCEC), but significantly downregulated changes in sensitivity with high and low BAK1 expression,
in two cancer types (i.e., COAD and KICH). We then of which 90 drugs were discovered. Fluorouracil, bosutinib,
looked at the differences in BAK1 expression between bleomycin, cyclopamine, and other drugs were found to be
HCC and non-HCC tissues; we discovered that BAK1 was more sensitive to BAK1 expression. Patients with reduced
expressed at a greater level in HCC tissues than in non- BAK1 expression are more sensitive to ATRA, erlotinib,
HCC tissues. The predictive analysis of high and low BAK1 temsirolimus, and other drugs. The discovery of these
expression groups revealed that patients with high BAK1 medications may provide more alternatives for the treatment

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2022) 9 https://doi.org/10.36922/td.v1i2.221