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Tumor Discovery Targeted drug delivery systems for the treatment of tumors

Table 4. Types of dendrimers and their associated ligands formulated for antitumor applications
Dendrimers type Generation Ligand/therapeutic agent Application References
Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers - Astrocyte elevated gene-1 Hepatocellular carcinoma [68]
with polyethylene glycol and (AEG-1) and all-trans-retinoic
lactobionic acid (PAMAM- acid (ATRA)
PEG-Gal)
Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers Fifth-generation siRNA, cisplatin, and selenium Lung cancer [69]
(PAMAM) Fourth-generation Gallic acid Breast cancer [70]

Third-generation Methotrexate Folic receptor-expressing tumor [71]
cells
Second-, third-, and fourth- Arginine Suppress TEL/AML1 protein in [72]
generations gene therapy
Polypropylene imine (PPI) Fifth-generation Retinoic acid, dexamethasone, Breast cancer [73]
ATRA
Fourth-generation Melphalan Folic receptor-expressing tumor [74]
cells
Fluorinated third-, fourth-, Lipofectamine 2000 Human embryonic kidney cells [75]
and fifth-generations and HeLa cells
Poly-L-lysine (PLL) Sixth-generation Doxorubicin Chemotherapy [76]
Fifth-generation Doxorubicin Lung metastases [77]
Third-generation Porphyrin Gene transfection [78]
First-, second-, and third- Fluorescein isothiocyanate and Multidrug-resistant tumors [79]
generations 5-fluorouracil

ADR cells) . The developed polymeric nanocarriers (hENT1), which plays an important role in the oncogenesis
[62]
demonstrated superior gene silencing efficacy and of leukemia . Another advanced carbosilane dendrimer
[64]
reduced p-glycoprotein (p-gp) expression. Furthermore, has been successfully employed for nucleic acid delivery.
PL-dendriplexes exhibited a synergistic effect with Their termination sites are rendered with anionic or cationic
paclitaxel, enhancing apoptosis, regulating the cell cycle, functional groups, which participate in electrostatic
and effectively managing multidrug-resistant cancers. interactions between cell membrane and phosphate
In a study by Jiang et al., a nanodimensional miR-150 groups of nucleic acids. These dendrimers exhibit distinct
encapsulated dendriplex containing FLT3L-G7 PAMAM morphologies based on their generation number and
was developed for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia display excellent biocompatibility . Similarly, positively
[65]
(AML). These dendriplexes were designed to target the charged phosphorous dendrimers have been explored as
tumor suppressor through the overexpressed FMS-like carriers for anticancer applications. Their functionalization
tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3 receptors). The FLT3L-grafted with triethylammonium and cyclic ammonium groups has
miR-170 nanocarriers selectively targeted overexpressed shown potential for transporting therapeutics to target sites
receptors in AML cells, promoting apoptosis . These for the management of several fatal disorders, including
[63]
designed dendriplexes tend to accumulate in the bone bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Alzheimer’s
marrow, inhibiting the progression of FLT3 without disease, and Prion disease .
[66]
disrupting normal hematopoiesis. In addition, maltose-
derived polypropylene imine glycodendrimers (PPI- The development of polycationic phosphorous
mOS, 4 generation) have been explored for anticancer dendrimers (G1–G3) for the transportation of DNA
th
therapy. These cationic nanocarriers efficiently interact plasmids in tumor management has been reported. These
with negatively charged nucleoside analogs (cytarabine), designed dendrimers were functionalized with piperidine-
overcoming their metabolic limitations (inefficient cellular derived moieties and complexed with negatively charged
uptake and drug resistance). The studies conducted on plasmid DNA (pDNA), encoding p53 and enhanced green
leukemic cell lines (1301 and HL-60) revealed significant fluorescence protein. Viability assay using the CCK-8
cytotoxicity and apoptosis due to the augmented cellular method exhibited a 50% cell viability rate for human
uptake. Furthermore, the system demonstrated the ability cervical carcinoma (HeLa cells) at an N/P ratio (the molar
to inhibit the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter ratio of the positive charge of the dendrimers to phosphates

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023) 10 https://doi.org/10.36922/td.1356