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Tumor Discovery Targeted drug delivery systems for the treatment of tumors

Table 7. Nanostructured lipid carriers, their purpose, and antitumor applications
Nanostructured lipid Purpose Methodology Application References
carriers (NLCs)
β-lapachone (Lapa) and Facilitate the catalysis of NAD(P)H Melted ultrasonic Overcome multidrug resistance in [111]
doxorubicin (DOX) quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) dispersion method DOX-resistant breast cancer
enzyme and enhance intracellular
uptake
Baicalein (BCL) and Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized Emulsion Exerting cytotoxicity and [112]
doxorubicin (DOX) NLC for binding with HA receptors evaporation- synergistic effect against breast
solidification cancer, verified on DOX drug-
resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell
line (MCF-7/ADR cells)
Gemcitabine (GEM) and HA decorated prodrug NLC Nanoprecipitation Prodrug-based tumor-targeted [113]
Baicalein (BCL) for effective binding with technique drug delivery on pancreatic cancer
HA-overexpressing pancreatic
receptors
Doxorubicin (DOX), Combined prodrug delivery Solvent diffusion Stable and high drug-entrapped [114]
gemcitabine (GEM), and NLCs used as an antilymph cancer
vincristine (VCR) agent against B-cell lymphoma
Paclitaxel (PTX) and Significantly enhanced the stability Solvent diffusion Chemo and photodynamic therapy [115]
indocyanine green of drugs, produced sufficient local
reactive oxygen species, and triggered
accelerated drug release on laser
irradiation, and also increased
intracellular uptake of drugs and
induced increased cytotoxicity in
cancer cells through synergistic
effects
Cisplatin (DDP) plus Folate (FA) decorated nanostructured Melted dispersion Folate-decorated NLCs for [116]
paclitaxel (PTX) lipid carriers (NLCs) as nanocarriers method enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity and
for DDP and PTX delivery in vivo penetration efficacy against
head-and-neck cancer cells (FaDu
cells)

tested on the targeted cells (A2780/Taxol). Notably, there strategies excel as carriers due to their ability to control the
was a marked reduction in mitochondrial potential, active release of therapeutics, enabling localized action and
increased intracellular accumulation, and an elevation in maintaining desirable storage stability. A diverse range of
the Bax protein level, all suggesting potential applications lipids and amphiphilic building blocks (surfactants) has
for nanoemulsions in addressing multi-drug resistance been explored for the creation of vesicular systems, which
tumors. Ahmad et al. developed an oil-in-water (o/w)- are characterized by highly ordered, concentric layers. Due
based nanoemulsion that contained an omega-3 fatty to their exclusive morphology and small dimensions, these
acid-modified taxoid prodrug (DHA/SBT/1214) for vesicular systems disperse effectively within the affected
the management of prostate cancer. The nanoemulsion organ. Figure 6 displays various vesicular drug carriers,
system exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against PPT2 such as liposomes, niosomes, phytosomes, and aquasomes,
tumor xenograft compared to the commercially available developed for chemopreventive applications. The vesicular
Abraxane® [120] . Furthermore, in vivo treatment with the approach not only protects drugs from degradation but
developed system resulted in higher cell viability with also extends the circulation time of bioactive agents.
minimal induction of floating spheroids or holoclones, in These vesicles offer numerous advantages, including
contrast to the large numbers observed with Abraxane®. biocompatibility, non-toxicity, flexible preparation, non-
immunogenicity, and effective cellular uptake by virtue of
4.2.3. Vesicular carriers their significant interactions with cancerous cells. These
Vesicular nanosystems offer a means to deliver attributes make vesicles ideal nanocarriers for addressing
chemotherapeutic drugs precisely to target sites while tumor-related issues [121] . Table 8 compiles different
sparing normal cells from harm. These drug delivery vesicular carriers explored for their antitumor action.

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023) 15 https://doi.org/10.36922/td.1356