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Tumor Discovery Targeted drug delivery systems for the treatment of tumors

Table 8. (Continued)
Vesicular Therapeutic agent Research highlights Study model Application References
system
Niosomes Doxorubicin and (i) Prolonged blood circulation MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast cancer [139]
curcumin (ii) Exhibited both active and passive cancerous cells
targeting
(iii) Improved cellular uptake due to
folic acid functionalization
(iv) High stability, biocompatibility, and
controlled release drug delivery
Paclitaxel and (i) Enhanced dissolution rate of poorly MCF-7 and PC3-MM2 Multidrug [140]
doxorubicin soluble paclitaxel malignant cells resistance in
(ii) Improved antiproliferative and cell chemotherapy
penetration action
(iii) Synergistic action of both drugs to
overcome drug resistance
Tamoxifen (i) Distinct nanoshapherical with high MCF-7 cell lines Breast cancer [141]
entrapment efficiency (92%)
(ii) 2.8-fold increase in cellular uptake
(iii) Reduced tumor volume
(iv) Significantly prolonged release
through a diffusion process
Tocotrienols T3 (i) 1.5 times higher antitumor activity MDA-MB-231 cells Breast cancer [142]
compared to free drug T3
(ii) 12 times lowered tumor volume than
treated with free drug T3
(iii) Significantly downregulation of
genes associated with metastasis
Phytosomes Mitomycin (i) Restricted rapid elimination HeLa cells and H22 Cancer [143]
C- soybean (ii) Increased cellular uptake in HeLa cells hepatoma cells management
phosphatidylcholine (iii) Higher accumulation in H22
conjugate hepatoma-induced mice
(iv) Enhanced cytotoxicity and advanced
antitumor effect
Icariin (flavonol (i) Interfered pre-G1 and G2/M phase OVCAR-3 cells Ovarian cancer cells [144]
glycoside) of cell cycle
(ii) Induced apoptosis and cell death
(iii) Reduced mitochondrial membrane
potential
(iv) Enhanced icariin cell permeation
and cytotoxicity
Methanolic extract of (i) Enriched with antioxidants MCF-7 cells Cancer [145]
Allium sativum (ii) Exhibited chemopreventive action management
due to diallyl-disulfide functional
groups
(iii) Presented active targeting with
100% targeting efficiency

Vesicular drug carriers, including liposomes, niosomes, longevity by shielding nanocarriers from phagocyte
phytosomes, and aquasomes, are further elaborated as recognition (opsonization) and preventing rapid removal
follows: from blood vessels. In addition, liposomes’ variability
in size facilitates effective extravasation, both within the
(a) Liposomes hyperpermeable microenvironment of tumors (murine
Liposomes have been extensively explored for their colon adenocarcinoma) and within poorly permeable
applications in chemoprevention. The functionalization tumor cells (pancreatic adenocarcinoma). The presence of
of liposomes has the potential to enhance their circulation surface charge can facilitate passive targeting and influence

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023) 17 https://doi.org/10.36922/td.1356