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Tumor Discovery Surgical implantation of malignant cells

Figure 2. PRISMA flowchart showing identification of studies from cross-references.

liver cancers has been found to be about 0.9% in a large 4.4. Head-and-neck cancers
multi-center study . Evidence for the same in metastatic Smith et al. analyzed the smears from the washing of the
[15]
[17]
tumors is lacking. incision site after radical surgery for cancer in 111 patients,
More evidence revolving around tumor cell seeding of which 53 had head-and-neck cancers. They investigated
during needle biopsy in breast cancer is available in if any part of local failure could be explained by cancer
the literature. Loughran and Keeling reviewed the seeding on the wound. There was a slight difference in local
[16]
evidence and found that tumor cell displacement recurrences between positive and negative smears which did
occurred in 76 out of 352 patients undergoing large core not reach statistical significance (P≤0.07). Similar studies
by Harris and Smith in 69 patients of head-and-neck
[18]
needle biopsy. The incidence of seeding was 42% if the cancers, analyzed using life-table methods, failed to
interval between biopsy and examination of tract was detect significant differences in local recurrence rates or
<15 days but only 15% if it was 28 days or more. The local time to recurrence. Sako et al. performed cytological
[19]
recurrence rate in 71% of 313 patients who have been examination of wound washings and wound drainage
subjected to pre-operative percutaneous biopsies was fluids, collected in 24-h aliquots, for 72 h postoperatively
11%, but the rate dropped to 3% when radiotherapy was in 60 patients with head-and-neck cancers. At the end of
applied but maintained at 34% if the patients were not surgery, 15% of patients with negative wound irrigation
given radiotherapy. showed malignant cells in their wound drainage and two

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023) 4 https://doi.org/10.36922/td.1411