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Arts & Communication                                           Hybrid music and ethnicity in Quangang Beiguan




            Table 2. (Continued)
             Tune names                                         The number   The number of   Notes
                                                                of beats in   beats in Beiguan
                                                                 shisanyin     xianpu
            Qiuchuan秋串                                             31            46
            Dongchuan冬串                                            32            52        Same name yet different
                                                                                           scores (listed separately here)
            Yanzhuzaipu奄猪仔谱                                        20            20
            Jiulianhuanyi九连环一                                      39            28
            Sanjuban三句半                                            14            22
            Erbajiaren二八佳人 ( “18-year-old beauty”)                 31            41


            Table 3. A comparison of different notations of the same names in shisanyin and Beiguan xianpu
             Tune names                        The number of       The number of beats    Notes
                                              beats in shisanyin    in Beiguan xianpu
            Anxiangsi暗相思 (“Unknown                 68                    34              Same name yet different scores
            lovesickness”)
            Tianxiale天下乐                           32                    15              Same name yet different scores
            Xiajing夏景 (“Summer Scenery”)           34                    ?               Same name yet different scores
            Qiujing 秋景 (“Autumn Scenery”)          40                    ?               Same name yet different scores
            Dongjing 冬景 (“Winter Scenery”)         49                    ?               Same name yet different scores
            Pu’an Zhou普庵咒 (“Pu’an Mantra”)         39                    ?               Same name yet different scores
            Nanci南词 (“Southern Arias”)             34                    65              Same name yet different scores
            Shuidiyu 水底鱼 (“Fish at the Bottom”)    59                    56              Same name yet different scores
            Xihuliu西湖柳(“West Lake Willows”)        48                    ?               Same name yet different scores
            Xianlaiwushi闲来无事 (“Idling Away”)       27                    27              Same name yet different scores


            Table 4. A comparison of instruments used in Taiwanese   In a nutshell, Beiguan is a near-relative hybrid musical
            shisanyin and Taiwanese Beiguan                    genre that blends different regional music cultures together
                                                               within the Han Chinese community. Without protracted
                       Shisanyin           Beiguan             mixed immigration, Quangang still witnessed the birth
            Wind       di, sheng, xiao, guan    pin (di), sheng, dong   of a form of hybrid music that mixes music styles from
            instruments  (yamu guan)       xiao, yue, chi, xun  people of the same ethnicity from different areas together.
            Plucked string  pipa, sanxian, shuangqing,   pipa, sanxian, zheng,   By contrast, Inner Mongolia-Han Melody, which I discuss
            instruments  zheng, qin zheng (sometimes),  qin zheng, yueqin,   in another paper, is a hybrid musical form that emerges
                       yangqin (an earlier version)  yangqin
            Bowed string   tixian, hexian, zhongxian,   tixian, hexian,   in a multi-ethnic settlement. It is a hybrid created by
            instruments  sixian, maoxian, guxian, tihu diaoguizi, daguangxian,   and thriving on related communities living in a habitat
                                           labaxian            shared by heterogeneous ethnic groups. This type of music
            Percussion   eduo, jiaoluo, shuangyin,   muyu, jiaoluo,   represents the interrelationship between the Mongols
            instruments  sanyin, tanban, binggu  shuangyin, zhu, bofu  and Han Chinese. Besides, it also helps the formation of
                                                               the Inner Mongolia-Han Chinese, a new ethnic group
                                                                                                 62 58
            Shisanyin is used in memorial ceremonies held in the   hybridizing the Mongols and Han Chinese .
            Confucian Temple and adheres to the tradition of yayue,   Acknowledgments
            thus presenting an elegant and standard ancient flavor.
            However, Taiwanese Beiguan boasts diverse music types   None.
            and social applications, so it tends to cater for worldly   62.    See “An Analysis of Hybrid Models and Ethnicities in the
            tastes. Performances of the two music genres easily allow   Inner Mongolia-Han Melody” by Song Jin.  Musicology in
            participants to see the distinction.                  China, 2021, vol. 1, pp. 30-37.



            Volume 1 Issue 1 (2023)                         14                         https://doi.org/10.36922/ac.419
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