Page 74 - AC-2-2
P. 74
Arts & Communication Japanese children’s musical flow
materials and sounds, especially with accessibility in References
children’s musical/social context.
1. Nakamura J, Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow theory and research.
Acknowledgments In: Lopez S, Snyder CR, editors. Oxford Handbook of Positive
Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009.
Grateful acknowledgment is given to my fellow researcher, 2. Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal
Professor Yutaka Nakanishi of Shujitsu University, Experience. New York: Harper and Row; 1990.
for developing the Iconic Glid Instrument. Grateful
acknowledgment is given to my advisor, Prof. Penny Prince 3. Cassie VK. An Investigation of Flow Experience in Middle
of the City University of New York, for her gracious support School Beginners String Orchestra Students. Doctoral
Dissertation. New York: Teachers College, Columbia
in editing my English writing. Finally, sincere thanks to the University; 2011.
children and families who formed the foundation of the
research. 4. Custodero LA. Singing practices in 10 families with young
children. Res Stud Music Educ. 2006;54:37-56.
Funding doi: 10.1177/002242940605400104
This research was funded by KAKEN 23K02369. 5. Matthews EW. Teaching with Improvisation: Three Case
Studies of Flow Experience in Beginning Adult Singers.
Conflict of interest Doctoral Dissertation. New York: Teachers College,
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Columbia University; 2003.
6. St John PA. A community of Learners: An Investigation of
Author contributions the Relationship between Flow Experience and the Role
Conceptualization: Taichi Akutsu of Scaffolding in a Kindermusik Classroom. Unpublished
Ed.D. Dissertation. New York: Teachers College, Columbia
Formal analysis: Shizuka Sutani University; 2004.
Investigation: Maki Ashida, Shotaro Hisano, Chie Ashida,
Eric Des Marais 7. Sullivan JA. Attention and flow in Preschool Children during
Methodology: Shizuka Sutani Music Circle Time and Music-Choice Time. Unpublished
Writing – original draft: Taichi Akutsu PhD Dissertation. Kentucky: University of Kentucky; 2004.
Writing – review & editing: Eric Des Marais 8. Akutsu T, Gordon R, Noguchi K. Critical pedagogy and
children’s musical flow: Curriculum design and assessment.
Ethics approval and consent to participate In: Lawrence S, editor. Critical Practice in P-12 Education:
Transformative Teaching and Learning. United States: IGI
Since the present study describes a study that involves Global; 2013.
human subjects, including children, the study obtained
approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at 9. Custodero LA. Observable indicators of flow experience:
Okayama Prefectural University that grants permission A developmental perspective on musical engagement in
to carry out the research. The ethics approval number for young children from infancy to school age. Music Educ Res.
2005;7(2):185-209.
reference is 23-21, 2023. Since the children below the age
of 20 were involved in the study; a written consent form doi: 10.1080/14613800500169431
was obtained from their caregivers. 10. Akutsu T. Observable flow experience in a two-year-old
Japanese child’s violin playing. Music Educ Res. 2017;20:126-140.
Consent for publication
doi: 10.1080/14613808.2017.1409202
Participants gave consent to publish their data.
11. Nakanishi Y, Okada S, Sutani S, Akutsu T. Use of an Iconic
Availability of data Grid Instrument at a Special Education School in Japan
for the Musical Engagement of Children with Severe and
The data supporting the findings of this study are available Multiple Disabilities: A Preliminary Report. Mauritius:
within the article. Medical Research Information Center Global, MRIC; 2017.
Volume 2 Issue 2 (2024) 7 doi: 10.36922/ac.1782

