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Arts & Communication                                                      Japanese children’s musical flow



            materials and sounds, especially with accessibility in   References
            children’s musical/social context.
                                                               1.   Nakamura J, Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow theory and research.
            Acknowledgments                                       In: Lopez S, Snyder CR, editors. Oxford Handbook of Positive
                                                                  Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009.
            Grateful acknowledgment is given to my fellow researcher,   2.   Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal
            Professor Yutaka Nakanishi of Shujitsu University,    Experience. New York: Harper and Row; 1990.
            for developing the Iconic Glid Instrument. Grateful
            acknowledgment is given to my advisor, Prof. Penny Prince   3.   Cassie VK. An Investigation of Flow Experience in Middle
            of the City University of New York, for her gracious support   School Beginners String Orchestra Students. Doctoral
                                                                  Dissertation. New  York: Teachers College, Columbia
            in editing my English writing. Finally, sincere thanks to the   University; 2011.
            children and families who formed the foundation of the
            research.                                          4.   Custodero LA. Singing practices in 10 families with young
                                                                  children. Res Stud Music Educ. 2006;54:37-56.
            Funding                                               doi: 10.1177/002242940605400104
            This research was funded by KAKEN 23K02369.        5.   Matthews EW. Teaching with Improvisation: Three Case
                                                                  Studies of Flow Experience in Beginning Adult Singers.
            Conflict of interest                                  Doctoral Dissertation. New  York: Teachers College,
            The authors declare that they have no competing interests.  Columbia University; 2003.
                                                               6.   St John PA. A community of Learners: An Investigation of
            Author contributions                                  the  Relationship  between  Flow  Experience  and  the  Role
            Conceptualization: Taichi Akutsu                      of Scaffolding in a Kindermusik Classroom. Unpublished
                                                                  Ed.D. Dissertation. New York: Teachers College, Columbia
            Formal analysis: Shizuka Sutani                       University; 2004.
            Investigation: Maki Ashida, Shotaro Hisano, Chie Ashida,
               Eric Des Marais                                 7.   Sullivan JA. Attention and flow in Preschool Children during
            Methodology: Shizuka Sutani                           Music Circle Time and Music-Choice Time. Unpublished
            Writing – original draft: Taichi Akutsu               PhD Dissertation. Kentucky: University of Kentucky; 2004.
            Writing – review & editing: Eric Des Marais        8.   Akutsu T, Gordon R, Noguchi K. Critical pedagogy and
                                                                  children’s musical flow: Curriculum design and assessment.
            Ethics approval and consent to participate            In: Lawrence S, editor. Critical Practice in P-12 Education:
                                                                  Transformative Teaching and Learning. United States: IGI
            Since the present study describes a study that involves   Global; 2013.
            human subjects, including children, the study obtained
            approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at   9.   Custodero LA. Observable indicators of flow experience:
            Okayama Prefectural University that grants permission   A  developmental perspective on musical engagement in
            to carry out the research. The ethics approval number for   young children from infancy to school age. Music Educ Res.
                                                                  2005;7(2):185-209.
            reference is 23-21, 2023. Since the children below the age
            of 20 were involved in the study; a written consent form      doi: 10.1080/14613800500169431
            was obtained from their caregivers.                10.  Akutsu T. Observable flow experience in a two-year-old
                                                                  Japanese child’s violin playing. Music Educ Res. 2017;20:126-140.
            Consent for publication
                                                                  doi: 10.1080/14613808.2017.1409202
            Participants gave consent to publish their data.
                                                               11.  Nakanishi Y, Okada S, Sutani S, Akutsu T. Use of an Iconic
            Availability of data                                  Grid  Instrument  at  a Special  Education  School  in Japan
                                                                  for the Musical Engagement of Children with Severe and
            The data supporting the findings of this study are available   Multiple Disabilities: A  Preliminary Report. Mauritius:
            within the article.                                   Medical Research Information Center Global, MRIC; 2017.













            Volume 2 Issue 2 (2024)                         7                                doi: 10.36922/ac.1782
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