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Mahto, et al.
Figure 1. Location map of Patna district
visualize spatial and non-spatial data related to different arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium
groundwater quality parameters. (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron
Patna district is situated between 25°13’ and 25°45’ (Fe), mercury (Hg), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn),
North latitude and 84°43’ and 86°44’ East longitude, molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium
with an elevation of 67 m above mean sea level, nestled (Se), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). 28,33,48
within the South Bihar alluvial plains. It is bordered These parameters are assessed using three main factors,
46
by the Ganges to the north and neighboring Jahanabad, denoted as F , F , and F , which are determined directly
2
1
3
Nalanda, Lakhisarai, and Bhojpur districts. The through the application of specific formulae. 28,33
46
district encompasses an area of 3172 sq. km and is F represents the proportion of variables that fail to
1
divided administratively into six subdivisions, 23 meet the objectives at least once during the specified
blocks, 344 panchayats, and 1433 villages, as illustrated period (referred to as failed variables), typically
in Figure 1. 46 computed using the following formula:
The district experiences an average annual
rainfall of approximately 1076 mm, contributing to F = Number of failedvariables × 100 . (I)
its overall favorable groundwater potential. Depth 1 Total numberofvariables
46
to the piezometric surface ranges from 6.25 m to
16.30 m, indicating accessible groundwater. 46,47 Deep F represents the percentage of individual tests that
2
tube wells accessing these aquifers can yield from do not meet the goals at any point (referred to as failed
260 m /h to 1500 m /h with a drawdown of 6 m. 46,47 tests).
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3
The aquifer’s transmissivity varies from 3786 to
19540 m /day, highlighting its varying capacity for F = Number of failedtests × 100 . (II)
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water transmission. 46,47 2 Total numberoftests
2.2. CCME WQI method F is the factor that signifies the extent to which
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The CCME-WQI employs the following parameters to test values deviate from their guideline values. This
assess stream water quality: Temperature, conductivity, calculation involves three steps:
color, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, calcium • Step 1: When the test value must not exceed the
(Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), objective:
sulfate (SO ), chloride (Cl ), fluoride (F ), dissolved Failedtestvalue
2−
−
−
4
organic carbon, phosphorus (P), nitrates, nitrites, Excursion = −1; (III)
nitrogen (N), silica dioxide (SiO ), aluminum (Al), Objective
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Volume 22 Issue 1 (2025) 136 doi: 10.36922/ajwep.8142
