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Ghasemi, et al.

likely to engage in these activities, a conclusion that is (iii) Economic support: Provide financial incentives and
also supported by additional studies. 44,64,69 subsidies to farmers to offset reduced gross margins
and encourage the adoption of adaptive practices.
4. Conclusion (iv) Capacity building: Enhance farmers’ awareness and
skills through training programs to improve their
Investigating the impacts of drought on technical- ability to implement drought-adaptation strategies.
agronomic parameters (e.g., crop yields and water (v) Community engagement: Foster positive attitudes
requirements), hydrological parameters (e.g., unmet and social norms by leveraging local leaders and
water demand), economic parameters (e.g., cropping community networks to encourage collective action
patterns and farmers’ gross margins), and psychological against drought.
parameters (e.g., intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, The limitations of the present study include the lack of
and perceived behavioral control) provide critical necessary information for simulating the environmental
insights for policymakers in arid and semi-arid regions. impacts of drought, which could facilitate a more
This study utilized an integrated approach, combining integrated analysis of drought effects in future studies.
the WEAP model with the MABIA extension,
PMP, and TPB models, to identify vulnerable areas Acknowledgments
across technical, hydrological, socioeconomic, and
psychological dimensions. The main conclusions drawn We would like to express our sincere appreciation to
from this study are as follows: Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, for their
(i) Crop yield: Drought significantly reduces crop support.
yields (3–18% under Scenario 2 [decreased
rainfall, increased temperature, and reduced Funding
water resources]). The Choram region is the most
vulnerable, with the highest productivity losses. None.
(ii) Water requirements: The net water requirement for
crops increases (2–8% under Scenario 1 [decreased Conflict of interest
rainfall and increased temperature]). However,
under Scenario 2, water-intensive crops show only The authors declare that they have no known competing
a slight increase in water demand. interests.
(iii) Hydrological impacts: Drought increases unmet
water demand across the basin, with the most Author contributions
significant impact in the Choram region.
(iv) Socioeconomic impacts: Farmers’ gross margins Conceptualization: Seyed Nematollah Mosavi
per hectare decline significantly, highlighting the Formal analysis: Seyed Nematollah Mosavi, Bahaedin
adverse economic effects of drought. Najafi
(v) Behavioral insights: The TPB model demonstrates Investigation: Ali Ghasemi, Seyed Nematollah Mosavi
that fostering positive attitudes, promoting Methodology: Ali Ghasemi, Seyed Nematollah Mosavi
supportive community norms, and enhancing Writing – original draft: Ali Ghasemi
farmers’ self-confidence can increase their Writing – review & editing: Seyed Nematollah Mosavi,
willingness to adopt drought-adaptation strategies. Bahaedin Najafi
To mitigate the impacts of drought, policymakers Availability of data
should prioritize the implementation of adaptive
strategies, including: The data are available on request from the corresponding
(i) Water management: Invest in efficient irrigation author.
technologies and water-saving practices to address
unmet water demand, especially in vulnerable References
regions like Choram.
(ii) Crop diversification: Promote drought-resistant 1. Ado AM, Leshan J, Savadogo P, Bo L, Shah AA.
crops and diversify cropping patterns to reduce Farmers’ awareness and perception of climate change
dependency on water-intensive crops. impacts: Case study of Aguie district in Niger. Environ

Volume 22 Issue 2 (2025) 110 doi: 10.36922/ajwep.8381