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Assessing drought impacts for adaptive response

Figure 11. Theory of planned behavior model with standardized path coefficients
Abbreviations: Att: Attention; Int: Intention; Pbc: Perceived behavior control; Sn: Subjective norm.

Table 5. Summary of fit goodness indices for the Table 6. Results of structural equation modeling
structural equation modeling Hypothesis γ t Result
Fit index SRMR D-G1 D-G2 D-G2 RMS- Att→Intention 0.153 2.293 Confirm
Theta Sn→Intention 0.214 2.524 Confirm
Suggested <0.1 >0.05 >0.05 >0.90 ≤0.11 Pbc→Intention 0.186 2.423 Confirm
value
TPB 0.07 0.628 0.733 0.96 0.06 Pbc→Behavior 0.115 2.091 Confirm
Abbreviations: D-G: Degrees of freedom adjustment Int→Behavior 0.728 8.862 Confirm
index; NFI: Normed fit index; RMS: Root mean square; Abbreviations: Att: Attention; Int: Intention; Pbc: Perceived
SRMR: Standardized root mean square residual; TPB: Theory of behavior control; Sn: Subjective norm.
planned behavior.
on adaptive behavior in response to environmental
findings demonstrated that the TPB model accounts for challenges. 44,57 Consequently, it can be inferred that
74.1% of behavioral intentions and 58.6% of farmers’ farmers with favorable attitudes and mindsets toward
behavior. Behavioral intention measures the relative drought adaptation strategies are more likely to remain
strength of a person’s intention to perform a specific in rural areas and adapt to drought conditions.
behavior. In addition, the results of SEM are outlined The positive and significant impact of the subjective
in Table 6. The results suggest that farmers’ behavioral norm variable indicates that positive feedback from peers
intentions are distinctly and significantly influenced and influential community figures can enhance farmers’
by the three variables: Attitude, subjective norm, intentions to stay in rural areas and adopt drought
and perceived behavior control. Moreover, farmers’ adaptation strategies. This positive and significant
intentions had a direct and significant impact on their influence of the subjective norm on farmers’ behavioral
behaviors. These findings indicate that the TPB model intentions in addressing environmental challenges has
is highly effective in examining farmers’ behavior in the also been supported by research conducted by Savari
Kowsar Dam sub-basin concerning drought adaptation. and Moradi and Savari and Khaleghi. 60
38
According to the results, farmers’ attitudes The positive and significant effect of the perceived
significantly and positively influence their behavioral behavior control variable on farmers’ intentions and
intentions. This positive and significant impact of behaviors was clearly evident. Therefore, individuals
attitudes on farmers’ behavioral intentions has been with high self-confidence who believe in their ability
consistently observed in various studies focusing to participate in drought-adaptive activities are more

Volume 22 Issue 2 (2025) 109 doi: 10.36922/ajwep.8381