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Sefolo, et al.

GHG emissions, as existing figures are reported at the provide a more comprehensive understanding of long-
provincial level. Furthermore, quantitative data are term infrastructure resilience and sustainability.
needed on elements, such as the annual percentage or
scorecard of infrastructure constructed, the extent and Acknowledgments
measurements of flood events, and a political stability
index to better inform policy and infrastructure planning. None.

5.2. Policy implications Funding
Effectively mitigating the impact of climate change on
roads and stormwater infrastructure requires deliberate None.
and sustained policy implementation. The following
policy implications are proposed for consideration by Conflict of interest
relevant stakeholders:
(i) Increase public awareness and education on the The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
impacts of climate change and promote individual,
corporate, and governmental actions to mitigate its Author contributions
effects
(ii) Integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation Conceptualization: All authors
strategies into national planning and development Formal analysis: All authors
processes to ensure coherence across sectors Investigation: All authors
(iii) Strengthen coordination between subnational and Methodology: All authors
national government plans aimed at climate change Writing – original draft: All authors
mitigation and adaptation Writing – review & editing: All authors
(iv) Encourage human capacity development in the areas
of climate change policy analysis, formulation, and Availability of data
implementation
(v) Address resource constraints that hinder the The data supporting the findings of this study are
development and implementation of effective available from the corresponding author upon reasonable
climate change policies. request.

5.3. Limitations and directions for future study References
This study is limited to the analysis and simulation of
historical data on stormwater collection systems, road 1. Collins J. Ascertaining Credibility in Research Surveys
and Studies. 2020. Available from: https://www.
infrastructure, climate change, and financial datasets impactio.com/blog/ascertaining-credibility-in-research-
specific to the City of Tshwane. It does not consider surveys-and-studies [Last accessed on 2023 Mar 23].
the age-related issues within the lifecycle of road and 2. City of Tshwane. City Strategy and Organisational
stormwater infrastructure. The historical data used in this Performance Department the Draft Consolidated
study may omit important factors, potentially leading to Audited Annual Report for the City of Tshwane and
inaccuracies in the analysis and forecasting. Moreover, Its Entities for the End of the 2019/20 Financial Year
such data may be subjected to bias and incompleteness Submitted in Terms of Section 127(2) of the Municipal
and may lose relevance over time. Although Harman’s Finance Management Act, 56 of 2003 (MFMA) and
one-factor test was conducted to assess the presence of Section 46 of the Municipal Systems Act, 32 of 2000
bias and to establish the reliability of the dataset, the use (MSA). 2021. Available from: https://lg.treasury.gov.
of primary data may offer greater accuracy and reliability za/supportingdocs/tsh/tsh_annual%20report%20
due to its direct acquisition from original sources. draft_2022_y_20230123t130226z_mmasellom.pdf
[Last accessed on 2022 Mar 17].
Therefore, future works could benefit from the use of 3. South African Government News Agency. National
primary data and should also consider investigating Destructive Flooding Declared National State of Disaster
the typical performance challenges associated with Declared on Floods SA. 2023. Available from: https://
the lifecycle of road and stormwater infrastructure. In www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/national-state-disaster-
addition, further studies could explore the interactions declared-floods [Last accessed on 2023 Mar 20].
between climate change and infrastructure lifecycle to 4. Motsoere S. Manufacturers Mood Darkens after Deadly

Volume 22 Issue 2 (2025) 200 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025080049