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Advanced Neurology Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease patients

End-stage renal disease
patients (N=924)
Age < 18 years old (N=6)
Age > 80-year-old (N=17)
Did not met the diagnostic criteria for chronic renal failure with
uremia (N=72)
Did not receive maintenance hemodialysis 3 times per week, 4 hours
per time and for a period of over 3 months (N=86)

Did not use the same hemodialysis and dialyzer (N=54)
Noy in stable condition during the study (N=36)

End-stage renal disease patients on
maintenance hemodialysis (N=653)

Disturbance of consciousness (N=21), severe dysarthria (N=25),
aphasia and cognitive disorders (N=17)
Severe auditory or visual impairment, and physical frailty that
prevented interview attendance (N=37)
End-stage renal disease patients on
maintenance hemodialysis (N=553)

Severe comorbid diseases (e.g., heart disease, lung disease,
liver disease, kidney dysfunction, nutritional deficiency,
electrolyte disorder, severe endocrine and infectious diseases and
neuropsychiatric complications and mental illness) that could affect
follow-up assessment (N=67)
Nearly a month to take may affect the cognitive function, quality of life
and sleep quality of neuropsychiatric disorders and the application of
antipsychotics, dopamine agonists, nerves nutritional drugs, etc (N=58)

History of a central nervous system disease (such as tumor [N=17],
trauma [N=13], hydrocephalus [N=23], Parkinson’s disease [N=11],
dementia [N=14]), malignancies (N=7), HIV and opportunistic infections (N=2)
Did not provide comprehensive records and lost to follow-up (N=31)
Refused to participate and sign the written consent (N=24)
Patients in final study
(N=286)

Figure 1. Flow chart of study search and selection. “→” indicates exclusion criteria.
2.2.3. Short form 36 (SF-36) health survey result in a single global score. Lower ratings indicate better
The SF-36 was used to assess quality of life. The data from sleep quality. A global score of 5 or higher implies clinically
36 items in eight subscales were integrated to measure the severe sleep disruption.
nutrition-associated quality of life in eight dimensions: 2.3. Statistical methods
Physical functioning, emotional role, physiological pain,
general health, vitality, social functioning, and mental health. The SPSS 20.0 statistical program was used to analyze
The SF-36 total score ranges from 0 to 100. The higher the the data. The mean, standard deviation, or median
score, the greater the quality of life; otherwise, the worse. (interquartile range) represent numerical data, while
percentages are used to express data of categorical variables.
2.2.4. Assessment of sleep quality To investigate differences between continuous variables, the
The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) is a method for Student’s t-test for normally distributed data and the Mann–
measuring sleep quality. Seven component ratings ranging Whitney U-test for non-normally distributed variables
from 0 to 3 are generated from 19 individual items. PSQI were employed. Correlation analysis also be performed
may be classified into seven factors: subjective sleep to better describe the RLS-sleep or RLS-quality of life
quality, sleep latency, sleep length, habitual sleep efficiency, association. In contrast, the Fisher’s exact test was used to
sleep disruption, usage of sleep medication, and daytime analyze correlations between categorical variables. P < 0.05
dysfunction. The total scores for these seven components indicates that the difference was statistically significant.

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2023) 3 https://doi.org/10.36922/an.210