Page 115 - AN-2-2

Advanced Neurology

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of losartan and enalapril on

lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus,
spontaneous convulsive seizures, and cardiac

changes in rats

1
Jatinder Katyal *, Dinesh Joshi , and Yogendra Kumar Gupta 2
1
1 Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India
2 Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India

Abstract

Modulating the brain renin-angiotensin system presents an innovative pathway
for exploring newer treatment approaches in epilepsy. The current study aimed to
evaluate the influence of losartan (LOS) and enalapril (ENP), which are angiotensin
receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, respectively, on the
incidence, initiation, and duration of status epilepticus (SE), spontaneous convulsive
seizures (SCS), survival, and cardiac alterations in rats subjected to lithium-pilocarpine
(LiP)-induced SE. Lithium (127 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreated male Wistar rats were
administered pilocarpine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) after 24 h to induce SE, which was terminated
after 90 min of onset. Daily 10-h video monitoring was carried out for examining
*Corresponding author: onset, frequency, duration of SCS, and mortality till 18 days. The administration
Jatinder Katyal of LOS (10 mg/kg, i.p.), ENP (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and atenolol (AT; 50 mg/kg, p.o.) was
(jatinderkatyal.aiims@gmail.com)
started before lithium in pre-SE protocol and for post-SE protocol these drugs were
Citation: Katyal J, Joshi D, administered 1 h after terminating SE and continued for 7 days’ post-SE. Cardiac
Gupta YK, 2023, Effects of losartan
and enalapril on lithium-pilocarpine- pathology, echocardiography, heart weight/body weight ratio, and histopathology
induced status epilepticus, were evaluated. None of the drugs used (LOS/ENP/AT) offered protection against
spontaneous convulsive seizures, SE. Administration before SE decreased and post-SE administration increased the
and cardiac changes in rats.
Adv Neuro, 2(2): 0387. latency of SCS, and the overall duration of seizures remained short in both cases
https://doi.org/10.36922/an.0387 as compared to untreated rats. The heart weight/body weight ratio decreased in
rats that did not survive. No echocardiographic changes were observed in any of
Received: April 2, 2023
the groups. Untreated SE rats showed myocyte ischemic changes, which were not
Accepted: June 1, 2023 present in any treated rats. In conclusion, LOS may reduce cardiac complications in
Published Online: June 19, 2023 SE rats. Hence, further evaluation of LOS as an add-on in epilepsy treatment should
be performed.
Copyright: © 2023 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Keywords: Status epilepticus; Lithium-pilocarpine; Losartan; Enalapril; Atenolol;
License, permitting distribution, Spontaneous convulsive seizures; Cardiac changes
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is
properly cited.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience 1. Introduction
Publishing remains neutral with
regard to jurisdictional claims in People with epilepsy who die suddenly and unexpectedly may have cardiac pathologic
published maps and institutional
affiliations. conditions that contributed to their death . It has been suggested that individuals
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Volume 2 Issue 2 (2023) 1 https://doi.org/10.36922/an.0387