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Advanced Neurology ADRD comorbidities and senescence

Table 2. Prevalence of signs, symptoms, and diagnoses in ICD‑10 chapters
ICD‑10 ICD‑10 chapter categories ADRD 65 – 80 NO ADRD 65–80 ADRD NO ADRD
codes visit in 2021 – 2023 visit in 2021 – 2023 90+ visit in 90+ visit in
(n=246,280) (n=710,490) 2021 – 2023 2021 – 2023
(n=183,250) (n=536,110)
F01-F99 Mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders 98 29 98 21
R00-R99 Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory 95 69 95 74
findings, not elsewhere classified
G00-G99 Diseases of the nervous system 87 38 79 35
I00-I99 Diseases of the circulatory system 85 57 93 63
E00-E89 Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 85 56 87 54
Z00-Z99 Factors influencing health status and contact with 85 72 82 64
health services
M00-M99 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and 73 54 77 50
connective tissue
N00-N99 Diseases of the genitourinary system 68 40 76 44
K00-K95 Diseases of the digestive system 66 42 67 40
S00-T88 Injury, poisoning, and certain other 60 33 68 37
consequences of external causes
J00-J99 Diseases of the respiratory system 59 36 62 36
D50-D89 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and 50 22 56 29
certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
A00-B99 Certain infectious and parasitic diseases 48 24 50 24
L00-L99 Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 43 27 45 27
V00-Y99 External causes of morbidity 41 17 49 23
C00-D49 Neoplasms 37 32 35 30
H00-H59 Diseases of the eye and adnexa 34 22 38 26
H60-H95 Diseases of the ear and mastoid process 25 15 36 20
U00-U85 Codes for special purposes 15 6 14 6
Q00-Q99 Congenital malformations, deformations, 10 6 8 5
and chromosomal abnormalities
O00-O9A Pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium 1 0 1 0
P00-P96 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 0 0 0 0
Note: The data provided represent the prevalence (i.e., the percentage of the cohort having at least one ICD-10 code in their medical record) within
each of the 22 chapters of the ICD-10 code classification system. To facilitate the visual evaluation of the data, decile color coding was added for the
prevalence values as follows:
0 – 9 10 – 19 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59 60 – 69 70 – 79 80 – 89 90 – 100
Abbreviation: ADRD: Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias; ICD-10: International classification of diseases, tenth revision.

non-ADRD cohort. Furthermore, the pattern of risk ratios 3.4 Statistical analyses of the comorbidity pattern of
of individuals in both the younger and older cohorts the prevalence of signs, symptoms, and disorders in
was almost identical, as depicted by the scatterplots in the 22 ICD-10 chapters
Figure 1C and D.
The extent to which two correlation coefficients were
The Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.99 significantly different from each other was evaluated by
(p < 0.00001) for the data in Figure 1C between the computing the z-score for the significance test and p-value.
younger and older ADRD cohorts and 0.98 (p < 0.00001)
for the data in Figure 1D between the younger and older In the comparison of correlation, the 65 – 80-year-old
non-ADRD cohorts. cohorts with and without ADRD (Figure 1A; r (20) = 0.88)

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 103 doi: 10.36922/an.4046