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Advances in Radiotherapy
& Nuclear Medicine Nanomaterials in cancer chemoimmunotherapy

time and enhancing drug delivery efficiency. Due to their with a bright future ahead. Extensive research has been
resemblance in size, morphology, and surface properties conducted on their design, development, and evaluation
to natural structures, biomimetic nanoparticles exhibit for the chemoimmunotherapy of various cancers, which
superior biocompatibility, good bioavailability, excellent could ultimately be translated into clinical applications.
targeting, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, significant While chemoimmunotherapy still faces challenges in
in vivo interactions, and minimal toxic side effects. To date, cancer treatment, nanosized drug delivery systems are
numerous biomimetic nanoparticles mimicking natural expected to play a vital role in harnessing their exceptional
structures have been studied as nanovectors for therapeutic advantages. However, several challenges remain for
delivery in chemoimmunotherapy, including those derived nanosized drug delivery systems, including unavoidable
from macrophages, peptides, erythrocytes, and cell drug leakage, complex manufacturing processes,
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membranes. 44 instability, and undefined safety in excipients. These issues
Cell membrane biomimetic nanoparticles typically must be addressed to enhance the clinical translation
consist of a cell membrane coating on functional prospects of these systems. Thus, there is an urgent need
nanoparticles, where the membrane proteins remain for nanomaterial-assisted drug delivery systems that
bioactive. This bioactivity allows the nanoparticles to offer simple formulation, an established preparation
evade the immune system, resulting in prolonged blood process, and good biocompatibility from a commercial
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circulation time and efficient tumor targeting. Wang et al. transformation perspective. We hope that this mini-
developed a biomimetic tumor-targeting nanomedicine review inspires researchers to explore new perspectives
comprising gemcitabine-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic on nanomaterial-assisted drug delivery systems for cancer
acid) nanoparticles coated with the bio-engineered chemoimmunotherapy.
cancer cell membrane. These membranes retain tumor- Acknowledgments
associated antigens and express peptides targeting
M2-like macrophages for the chemoimmunotherapy None.
of pancreatic cancer. The developed nanomedicine was
further combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor Funding
(PD-L1 antibody), which synergistically enhances None.
the immunotherapeutic effect by removing PD-L1
+
macrophage and downregulating PD-L1. In a similar Conflict of interest
study, a combined therapeutic system was developed The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
that included a prodrug (doxorubicin conjugated to
D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate with Author contributions
a targeting peptide-ligand cyclin arginylglycylaspartic
acid) and a nanoparticle-based vaccine (mannose- Conceptualization: Himani Kalita
inserted erythrocyte membrane-enveloped poly[D,L- Writing – original draft: Himani Kalita
lactide-co-glycolide]-SS-hgp nanoparticles) for synergetic Writing – review & editing: Manoj Patowary
chemoimmunotherapy of lung cancer. Hou et al.
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developed an M1-type macrophage-based drug delivery Ethics approval and consent to participate
vehicle carrying sorafenib-loaded lipid nanoparticles Not applicable.
for chemoimmunotherapy. In this system, M1-type
macrophages act as both the delivery vehicle for sorafenib Consent for publication
and as a therapeutic tool for immunotherapy. In addition, Not applicable.
PD-L1 binding peptide-conjugated nanoparticles loaded
with the anticancer drug doxorubicin and exhibiting Availability of data
pH-sensitive characteristics were developed for the Not applicable.
chemoimmunotherapy of colon cancer. The released
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peptide conjugate at the tumor site blocks PD-1/PD-L1 References
interactions, preventing immune escape and stimulating
enhanced immune response. 1. Shams F, Golchin A, Azari A, et al. Nanotechnology-
based products for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Biol
5. Conclusion Rep. 2022;49:1389-1412.

Nanomaterial-assisted drug delivery systems have emerged doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06876-y
as a promising approach in cancer chemoimmunotherapy, 2. Yang Z, Ma Y, Zhao H, Yuan Y, Kim BY. Nanotechnology

Volume 3 Issue 1 (2025) 88 doi: 10.36922/arnm.8150