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Design+ Evaluation of recreational suitability of urban waterfront green spaces

Foreign scholars have researched the recreational spaces, suitable for evaluating the degree of urban blue and
suitability of urban waterfront green spaces from green integration. Li et al. examined 36 representative
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various perspectives. Japanese scholars selected five urban waterfront green spaces, including Xihu Park
rivers in Japan as research samples for four dimensions: and Zuohai Park in Fuzhou city, employing a landscape
landscape shaping, recreational function, environmental evaluation method that integrates image semantic
protection effectiveness, and public participation level. segmentation and gray-scale statistical analysis. This
They conducted a comprehensive analysis and evaluation approach investigated the relationship between urban park
of urban riverside greenways, concluding that the waterfront green spaces and public preferences, thereby
development of these greenways should integrate their assessing the esthetic quality of these urban waterfront
natural resource endowments with local characteristics. areas. Meanwhile, Wang and Zhao, using the AHP and
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Similarly, Steinwender et al. conducted a comparative incorporating the concept of night sky protection, screened
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study by investigating tourists’ satisfaction with the water and calculated the weights of evaluation indicators for the
environment quality of urban waterfront spaces, selecting quality of nighttime landscapes in urban waterfront green
six static and six dynamic water bodies in Vienna. They spaces and established a corresponding evaluation system.
concluded that differences in participants’ impressions of Li et al. combined AHP with an expert scoring method to
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the water spaces were also decisive factors affecting the final establish a classification standard of evaluation indicators
results. Sairinen and Kumpulainen conducted research on and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the urban
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the enhancement and transformation of urban waterfront green space landscape pattern in the study area.
green spaces in Helsinki, evaluating and analyzing them To construct an evaluation system, the focus must
from the perspectives of resources and status, development be on determining the weights of various evaluation
experience, and recreation. Meanwhile, Kong-Jian and indicators. The methods are primarily divided into three
Di-Hua studied the planning and construction of riverside
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areas from the perspectives of ecology and aesthetics, categories: subjective weighting methods, objective
emphasizing the concept of ecological design in landscape weighting methods, and a combination of both. Subjective
creation. Liaoji and Huiqing offered new insights into weighting methods include the Delphi method, AHP, and
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the recreational management model for urban waterfront expert scoring method. These methods are characterized
spaces, proposing an ecological benefits-based recreational by determining weights based on expert experience and
management model for these spaces and conducting subjective judgment, relying on human cognition and
relevant feasibility studies. logic. On the other hand, objective weighting methods
include the entropy weight method, principal component
At present, domestic research primarily focuses on analysis, coefficient of variation method, and criteria
explorations from various perspectives, such as the importance through the intercriteria correlation method,
ecological environment, visual environment, 12 sec urity calculating weights based on objective information, such
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pattern, and tourist perception, 14,15 combined with case as the data’s inherent variation and correlation, thereby
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studies to analyze a specific park, riverfront tourism avoiding human interference.
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corridor, or greenway. The perspectives are diverse and
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varied, but there is a lack of comprehensive research on This study aims to construct a multidimensional, multi-
evaluating the recreational suitability of waterfront green level indicator system that requires professional opinions and
spaces within a region. experience as references. After reviewing and researching
literature on various evaluation system constructions, the
Different scholars have employed various methods to AHP was employed to develop a recreational suitability
conduct an overall evaluation of certain areas. For example, evaluation system from multiple perspectives, and a
Zhan summarized the characteristics of recreational comprehensive evaluation of the Linyi Calligraphy Square
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spaces and the methods for constructing a recreational was conducted. This approach aims to propose rational
system in riparian green spaces at the current stage, suggestions from a more comprehensive perspective,
aiming to address the urgent need for urban recreation. providing a theoretical basis for future evaluations of the
Cao mainly conducted field research on 42 plant species recreational suitability of waterfront green spaces.
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of lakeside, riverfront, and riverfront green spaces in
Ma’anshan city and used the analytic hierarchy process 2. Research methodology
(AHP) method to build a naturalness evaluation system
for plant species of Ma’anshan waterfront green spaces. 2.1. Study location
Similarly, Xiangxiang et al. explored the characteristics This study used the Linyi Calligraphy Square in Linyi city,
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of conventional evaluation methods and proposed a set of China, as a case study to establish a suitability evaluation
evaluation index systems and methods for blue and green system for waterfront green spaces and conduct a

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 2 doi: 10.36922/DP025110020