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Design+ Evaluation of recreational suitability of urban waterfront green spaces

Factors affecting the recreational suitability of urban relevant practitioners were invited to score and evaluate,
waterfront green spaces are diverse and multifaceted. For and the indicators were revised and sorted out based on
example, Xia et al. noted in their research that visual their opinions. The requirements for expert selection were
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environmental elements, such as vegetation and water as follows: first, having engaged in the study or research
bodies, can enhance the recreational experience. Mingde of this field for 5 years or more and second, having rich
and Jiayi analysis of the factors influencing the vitality of practical experience and a certain understanding of related
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waterfront spaces identified location and accessibility as research. The Likert scale method was used to evaluate the
the primary driving factors. Based on the literature review, primary election indicators according to five evaluation
the factors influencing the recreational suitability of urban levels of “important, relatively important, generally
waterfront green spaces were discussed from various important, less important, and not important,” and their
perspectives, including space, environment, facility, values were assigned as “5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 point,” respectively
activity, and image. (Appendix 1). The experts proposed corresponding
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By referencing the recreational suitability evaluation rectification suggestions according to their opinions.
systems for urban wetlands, comprehensive parks, and After integration and modification, a recreation suitability
urban green open spaces constructed by Yang, Zhang and evaluation system for urban waterfront green spaces
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Chen, Sun, Liu et al., and others, and incorporating comprising six target layers, 12 primary indexes, and
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Lang’s research on the evaluation index systems for 43 secondary indexes was established.
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waterfront space characteristics, along with expert 2.2.2. Determination of indicator weights
consultations, a total of 52 indicators were predominantly
selected from six categories: After the preliminary construction of the evaluation
(i) Environmental elements: Ultraviolet rays, temperature, system for the recreation suitability of urban waterfront
air humidity, air quality, rainfall, wind speed, water green spaces, it is necessary to calculate the weight
quality, noise, and environmental sanitation. values of the sub-indicators at each level. The AHP 38-41
(ii) Landscape elements: Plant landscape, landform and the nine-level scale scoring standard were used
landscape, revetment landscape, water body to construct the importance judgment matrix of
landscape, rock landscape, skyline landscape, garden indicators at each level. The weight questionnaires for
path landscape, small architecture, historical and the factor level, first-level indicator, and second-level
cultural relics, and facility landscape. indicator were designed respectively. In this study, the
(iii) Resource elements: Plant diversity, greening coverage, weight calculation of evaluation indicators was directly
topography and landforms, water resources, cultural obtained using the AHP calculation in the “Wen Juan
monuments, local customs, festival activities, and Xing” website (https://www.wjx.cn/). By constructing
science education. questionnaires with the AHP model in Wen Juan Xing,
(iv) Facility elements: Signage completeness, category the system was broken down into different levels, and
comprehensiveness, usage status, maintenance the importance of indicators was compared pairwise to
status, comfort level, distribution status, diversity of build a judgment matrix. Then, through operations such
recreational facilities, interest level of recreational as solving for the maximum eigenvalue and performing
facilities, management status of recreational facilities, weighted summation, the final weight of each indicator
safety of recreational facilities, safety of water-friendly was determined. The relevant calculation formula is
facilities, interest level of water-friendly facilities, and presented in Equations I and II:
rationality of water-friendly facilities. 1 ( AW)
(v) Recreational experience elements: Diversity of λ max = n ∑ n i=1 W i (I)
recreational spaces, comfort of recreational spaces, i
safety of recreational spaces, water-friendliness of λ − n
recreational spaces, diversity of recreational activities, CI.. = max (II)
n −1
participation in recreational activities, attractiveness
of recreational activities, and entertainment value of where λ max is the maximum eigenvalue, n is the number
water-friendly experiences. of dimensions, and AW is the product of the judgment
(vi) Location and transportation elements: Geographical matrix and the normalized weights.
location, visitor arrival distance, internal transportation Data from 30 experts and relevant practitioners were
conditions, and external transportation conditions. collected to calculate the indicator weights and perform
The primary election indicators were screened using a consistency check for each level. The principal model is
the Delphi method. Thirty professional teachers and illustrated in Figure 4.

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 5 doi: 10.36922/DP025110020