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Design+ Evaluation of recreational suitability of urban waterfront green spaces

Figure 1. Area map of Linyi Calligraphy Square

comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the case
sites and draw conclusions. The overall research process is
illustrated in Figure 3.
The Delphi method is a technique developed based
on individual expert judgment and expert meetings to
consult expert opinions. At present, this method is widely
used in various fields, including social surveys, opinion
consultation, and data analysis. Its core is to refer experts
as consultation subjects, leveraging their knowledge and
insights to make scientific and reasonable judgments and
analyses of the survey subjects, ultimately aiming to draw
predictive conclusions. In a previous study, Zheng et al.
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designed a Delphi expert method questionnaire, inviting
25 experts to conduct three rounds of surveys to evaluate
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Figure 2. Linyi Calligraphy Square. Photograph by the authors. and rate potential influencing factors. Likewise, Pei et al.,
using the Delphi method and cloud model, developed a
comprehensive evaluation. Linyi Calligraphy Square is theory and method for evaluating urban safety resilience
located in the urban area of Linyi city, Shandong province, in China, providing important guidance for enhancing
China (Figures 1 and 2). It is an open, large-scale theme resilience levels in urban safety.
park or square on the bank of the Yi River, serving as a The AHP is a subjective evaluation method proposed
centralized display area for the calligraphy works of by the American operations researcher Saaty in the early
famous Chinese calligraphers throughout history. It has 1970s. The AHP breaks down decision-related elements
been selected as one of the top 10 cultural landmarks in into multiple levels, such as goals, criteria, and alternatives,
Shandong province, known as the Qilu cultural landmarks. allowing for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. It is
The square is 1,200 meters long from east to west and over a systematic, simple, flexible, and effective decision-making
200 m wide from north to south, covering a total area method. This algorithm is a multi-criteria comprehensive
of more than 200,000 square meters. Its design adopts a evaluation tool. Due to its simplicity and practicality,
mixed garden layout, blending classical garden landscaping it is widely used in real life, primarily for two purposes:
with modern water culture and calligraphy art. 24,25 It is a determining indicator weights and quantifying alternative
highly representative urban waterfront green space in the selections. For example, Zuo and Wang used AHP to
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Lanshan district, Linyi city. establish a comprehensive product evaluation system that
is both reliable and valid. Similarly, Li et al. proposed
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2.2. Research design and method an improved AHP—a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
This study employed the Delphi method to screen data, algorithm, which shows broad application prospects in
the AHP to obtain the index weights, and the fuzzy evaluations.

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 3 doi: 10.36922/DP025110020