Page 132 - EER-2-1

Explora: Environment
and Resource Sustainable fertilization for long bean cultivation

amino acids and proteins, which are essential for pod filling fertilization strategy not only enhances nutrient availability
and biomass accumulation. In addition, the reduction but also improves soil physical properties, leading to more
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in aluminum saturation (40% – 25%) created a more sustainable crop production. These results are particularly
favorable rhizosphere environment, mitigating potential relevant for tropical regions with inherently low soil
root stress and supporting optimal nutrient absorption. fertility, where conventional chemical fertilizers may not be
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These findings align with those of Islam et al., who a long-term solution due to economic and environmental
reported significant improvements in pod weight when constraints.
organic and phosphate fertilizers were applied in tropical The effectiveness of integrating organic amendments
legumes. Similarly, Manono et al. demonstrated that and phosphate fertilizers has been widely demonstrated
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phosphorus amendments in combination with organic across different cropping systems and regions, as
matter can increase the efficiency of phosphorus use, summarized in Table 2. Studies on tropical legumes
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enhance microbial activity, and improve soil aeration, all and soybean-wheat rotations consistently highlight
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of which contribute to increased crop productivity. the benefits of organic amendments in improving soil
The observed improvements in pod length, number structure, enhancing phosphorus availability, and boosting
of pods per plant, and pod weight per plant in the P2R2 overall crop productivity. In tropical legume cultivation,
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treatment (3 kg quail manure + 25 g natural phosphate) Islam et al. found that vermicompost application
underscore the interactive effects of organic and phosphate- improved soil structure and water retention, leading to
based fertilization in enhancing crop productivity. Organic increased plant height and pod production. Similarly, in
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manure supplies essential macronutrients and improves soybean-wheat systems, Choudhary et al. reported that
soil moisture retention, while natural phosphate ensures a long-term application of manure combined with nitrogen,
steady phosphorus supply, which is crucial for reproductive phosphorus, and potassium increased soil organic matter,
growth. This interaction optimizes the efficiency of nitrogen availability, and overall grain yield.
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nutrient use, making the combined application more For phosphorus-deficient soils, Namakka et al.
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effective than either amendment alone. This integrated investigated the effect of single superphosphate

Table 2. Comparative studies on the use of organic amendments and phosphate fertilizers in different cropping systems
Study Crop (region) Fertilizer type Main findings References
Purnama et al. Long beans Quail Soil quality post-treatment: The pH increased from 5.2 to 5.8; organic This study
(Indonesia) manure+natural matter doubled (1.25 – 2.50%); available phosphorus increased from
phosphate a 8.3 to 18.7 mg/kg; aluminum saturation decreased from 40% to 25%.
Growth: Shortest flowering time (27 days); largest stem diameter (0.86 cm).
Yield: Highest pod weight (2850.66 g/plant); longest pod length (96.66 cm);
highest number of pods (36.66/plant).
Islam et al. Tropical legumes Vermicompost Soil quality post-treatment: Improved soil structure, water retention, and 47
(Bangladesh) (20%) b nutrient availability. Growth: Highest plant height (314.19 cm for bush
bean, 259.93 cm for winged bean, 72.87 cm for yard long bean). Yield:
Highest pod weight (298.12 g/m² for bush bean, 728.69 g/m² for winged
bean, 222.45 g/m² for yard long bean); longest pod length (10.76 cm
for bush bean, 22.27 cm for winged bean, 30.00 cm for yard long bean);
highest number of pods (58.93 for bush bean, 44.00 for winged bean, 20.86
for yard long bean).
Choudhary et al. Soybean-wheat Long-term organic Soil quality post-treatment: Increased organic matter, available N (373 50
rotation (India) manure+NPK c kg/ha), P (10.58 mg/kg), and K (212 kg/ha). Growth: Highest plant height
and stem diameter. Yield: Highest grain yield (2.56 Mg/ha for soybean,
4.31 Mg/ha for wheat); longest pod length; highest number of pods.
Namakka et al. Cowpeas (Nigeria) Single Soil quality post-treatment: Soil pH 5.6; available phosphorus 3.50 mg/kg; 45
superphosphates low nutrient status. Growth: Highest plant height (48.79 cm at 9 WAS);
(39 kg P/ha) d highest number of branches (18 at 9 WAS). Yield: Highest grain yield
(1830.71 kg/ha in 2015, 1994.62 kg/ha in 2016); longest pod length
(3.927 cm at 9 WAS).
Notes: Data were obtained from the best treatment (P2R2: 3 kg quail manure+25 g natural phosphate);
a
b Data were obtained from the vermicompost treatment (20%); Data were obtained from the combination of manure and NPK fertilizer (MNPK);
c
d Data were obtained from the 39 kg P/ha treatment.
Abbreviations: NPK: Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; WAS: Weeks after sowing.
Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 7 doi: 10.36922/eer.8348