Page 23 - EER-2-3

Explora: Environment
and Resource Environmental contamination of titanium

Ethics approval and consent to participate biomaterials. In: Tribology: Fundamentals and Advancements.
Germany: BoD Books on Demand; 2013.
Not applicable.
doi: 10.5772/55860
Consent for publication 12. Findik F. Titanium based biomaterials. Curr Trends Biomed

Not applicable. Eng Biosci. 2017;7(3):1-3.
doi: 10.19080/ctbeb.2017.07.555714
Availability of data
13. Feng E, Gao D, Wang Y, et al. Sustainable recovery of
Not applicable. titanium from secondary resources: A review. J Environ
Manage. 2023;339:117818.
References doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117818
1. Rudnick RL, Fountain DM. Nature and composition of the 14. Hitchman A. Australian Resources Review: Mineral Sand
continental crust: A lower crustal perspective. Rev Geophys. 2017. Canberra: Geoscience Australia; 2018.
1995;33(3):267-309.
doi: 10.11636/9781925297706
doi: 10.1029/95rg01302
15. El Khalloufi M, Drevelle O, Soucy G. Titanium: An
2. Woodruff LG, Bedinger GM, Piatak NM. Titanium. overview of resources and production methods. Minerals.
United Kingdom: Professional Paper; 2017. 2021;11(12):1425.
doi: 10.3133/pp1802t doi: 10.3390/min11121425
3. Bedinger GM. Titanium. Mining Engineering; 2013. 16. Williams JC, Boyer RR. Opportunities and issues in the
Available from: https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70047016 application of titanium alloys for aerospace components.
[Last accessed on 2025 Jun 08]. Metals (Basel). 2020;10(6):705.
4. Imahashi M, Takamatsu N. The dissolution of titanium doi: 10.3390/met10060705
minerals in hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Bull Chem Soc
Jpn. 1976;49(6):1549-1553. 17. Greenwood NN, Earnshaw A. Chemistry of the Elements.
2 ed. United Kingdom: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1997.
nd
doi: 10.1246/bcsj.49.1549
18. Bolan S, Sharma S, Mukherjee S, et al. The distribution, fate,
5. El-Desoky HM, Abdel-Rahman AM, Fahmy W, et al. Ore and environmental impacts of food additive nanomaterials
genesis of the abu ghalaga ferro-ilmenite ore associated with in soil and aquatic ecosystems. Sci Total Environ.
neoproterozoic massive-type gabbros, south-eastern desert 2024;916:170013.
of Egypt: Evidence from texture and mineral chemistry.
Minerals. 2023;13(3):307. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170013
doi: 10.3390/min13030307 19. Reimann C, De Caritat P. Establishing geochemical
background variation and threshold values for 59 elements in
6. Mackey TS. Upgrading ilmenite into a high-grade synthetic Australian surface soil. Sci Total Environ. 2017;578:633-648.
rutile. JOM. 1994;46(4):59-64.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.010
doi: 10.1007/bf03220676
20. Viers J, Dupré B, Gaillardet J. Chemical composition of
7. Middlemas S, Fang ZZ, Fan P. A new method for production of suspended sediments in world rivers: New insights from a
titanium dioxide pigment. Hydrometallurgy. 2013;131-132:107-113. new database. Sci Total Environ. 2009;407(2):853-868.
doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.11.002 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.09.053
8. Murphy P, Frick L. Titanium. In: Kogel JE, Trivedi NC, 21. Kabata-Pendias A, Mukherjee AB. Trace Elements from Soil
Barker JM, Krukowski ST, editors. Ind Miner Rocks. 7 ed. to Human. United States: CRC Press; 2007.
th
Littleton: Society for Mining, Metallurgy Exploration Inc;
2006. p. 987-1003. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-32714-1
22. Feizi H, Kamali M, Jafari L, Rezvani Moghaddam P.
9. Lütjering G, Williams JC. Titanium. 2 ed. Berlin,
nd
Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. Phytotoxicity and stimulatory impacts of nanosized and
bulk titanium dioxide on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill).
10. Arrazola PJ, Garay A, Iriarte LM, Armendia M, Marya S, Chemosphere. 2013;91(4):506-511.
Le Maître F. Machinability of titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V and doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.012
Ti555.3). J Mater Process Technol. 2009;209(5):2223-2230.
23. Heringa MB, Peters RJ, Bleys R, et al. Detection of titanium
doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.06.020
particles in human liver and spleen and possible health
11. De Viteri VS, Fuentes E. Titanium and titanium alloys as implications. Part FibreToxicol. 2018;15:15.

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 17 doi: 10.36922/EER025130027